193 
bone-caves of Europe to a post-glacial date not exceeding 
6,000 to 1 0,000 years ago. 
Prof. Winchell does not rest his belief in the Tertiary man 
of the Mascarene continent on any ascertained evidence ; it is 
avowedly a speculation. 
The evidences for Tertiary man in Europe (such as the 
notched bones found at St. Prest, the worked flints from 
Thenay, the incised bones from the faluns of Leognan, the in- 
cised bones described by Prof. Capellini from the Pliocene of 
Tuscany, &c.), he also rejects. 
In his recent magnificent work on Early Man in Britain , 
Prof. Dawkins reaches the same conclusion with Prof. Winchell 
as to Tertiary man in Europe. The evidence on the subject 
he deems unsatisfactory, and with regard to Miocene man he 
remarks : — “ There is, however, one most important conside- 
ration which renders it highly improbable that man was then 
living in any part of the world. No living species of land 
mammal has been met with in the Miocene fauna. Man, the 
most highly specialised of all creatures, had no place in a fauna 
which is conspicuous by the absence of all the mammalia now 
associated with him 33 (p. 67). And again, as to Pliocene 
man, he remarks : — “ As the evidence stands, at present the 
geological record is silent as to man's appearance in Europe in 
the Pliocene age. It is very improbable that he will ever be 
found to have lived in this quarter of the world at that remote 
time, since of all the European mammalia then alive only one 
has survived to our days 33 (p. 93). 
The latest claim for the great antiquity of man has pro- 
ceeded from America, and this claim is so extraordinary, and 
is supported by names of such high authority in the scientific 
world, that it seems to deserve a serious notice. The facts 
are not now for the first time made public, but they are put 
forth in so formal a manner within the past year or two by the 
most eminent geologists and palaeontologists in the United 
States (their statements having, moreover, been repeated in 
Europe), that the subject deserves an attention which it did 
not receive when the discoveries were first announced. 
Dr. Foster, who was an able geologist and archaeologist, re- 
ferred to them in his work on The Prehistoric Races of the 
United States in 1873, but now they are vouched for by 
Professor Le Conte, Professor Whitney, Professor Winchell, 
and Professor O. C. Marsh, and the inference drawn from 
them is that man lived on the Pacific coast of North America 
in a semi-civilised condition in the Tertiary age. 
The facts in question have reference to the discovery of 
certain vessels and implements of human workmanship at the 
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