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same category with facts, and drawing authoritative con- 
clusions from hypotheses as if these were facts established 
before our eyes. Until, therefore, some trace is found of a 
tool-handling ape, we are warranted by all known facts in 
adhering to the use of implements as a primitive demarca- 
tion between man and other animals. 
My second answer to the objection is, that it proves too 
much for the objector himself. The whole argument for 
the derivation of man from a lower form of animal is drawn 
from the correspondences between man and the inferior 
animals as we see those animals to-day. This correspond- 
ence is traced by Darwin in almost every particular, — • 
intellectual, emotional, and even moral. Huxley says, “ 'No 
absolute structural line of demarcation, wider than that 
between the animals which immediately succeed us in the 
scale, can be drawn between the animal world and ourselves ; 
and I may add the expression of my belief that the attempt 
to draw a psychical distinction is equally futile, and that 
even the highest faculties of feeling and of intellect begin to 
germinate in lower forms of life.”* 
It is the homology of man with the animal world as it is, 
and the manifold correspondences of known species of 
animals with man, as well as the general analogy of nature, 
that lead to the theory that man is derived from some 
lower animal progenitor. Well, we go back to the Stone Age, 
and there find man differentiated from animals in a most 
pronounced manner. The implements are evidence that 
man was there ; but directly we come upon this demarcation 
we are told not to compare man in this particular with exist- 
ing animals which he resembles in so many other particulars, 
but to presuppose extinct species of a higher grade that paved 
the way from the stone to the tool ! To use a homely adage, 
“ One cannot burn the same powder twice over ” ; and one 
cannot nse the same facts to establish both the positive and 
the negative side of his argument. Mr. Wallace has set forth 
the lessons of the Stone Age with rare felicity. Having 
described the long processes of development in nature, he 
says, “ At length there came into existence a being in whom 
that subtle force we term mind became of greater impor- 
tance than his mere bodily structure. Though with a naked 
and unprotected body, this gave him clothing against the 
varying inclemencies of the seasons. Though unable to 
* Man's Place in Nature* 
