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which the first type of man emerged, and the anthropoid progenitor gradually 
became extinct. The only mail I know who has ever suggested that the 
anthropoid ape made implements is Professor Gaudry, a French geologist, 
who says that it is probable. He says the anthropoid apes must have made 
the implements, if they were made at all in the Miocene period, for 
he believes that man did not exist in that period. The idea that these 
anthropoid apes lived on to be the progenitors of man, and then gradually 
became extinct, must be a fiction ; because these apes passed away in the 
Miocene period, and man did not appear till long afterwards. As I remarked 
some time ago, in this room, if the anthropoid apes reached such a stage of 
progress as has been asserted, they ought not to have died out, but should 
have lived on, on the principle of the “ survival of the fittest.” I think 
the author of the paper deals ably with this error. I agree with what 
he has stated, that when any implements were made, man made them, and 
not a monkey. The author has said : — “The chimpanzee takes a stone 
to crack a nut ; but he takes it up a stone and lays it down again a 
stone ; he never shapes it to a hammer, nor fits it with a handle to be 
reserved for this special use.” I have an implement with me, and wher- 
ever such an implement is found there ought to be no question whether it 
is the work of man. This [producing an implement] came from the Swiss 
Lake Dwellings. The stone is polished and fitted to a handle. Pro- 
fessor Gaudry would not suppose for a moment that any ape could have 
made it. The author of the paper has said, — “ If we go back to the river 
drift gravels, as, for instance, in the Valley of the Somme, where we have no 
trace of human habitations or other works, and perhaps no authentic 
specimen of a human bone, but simply compare one stone with another, we 
say again, man was here at the remote period of this formation ; for these 
flints are shapen, adapted to a use, and are no longer stones, but implements.” 
I am not quite so sure of this. I am sure that the ape did not make them, 
but I do not, therefore, arrive at the conclusion that man did. If I see 
an implement such as has been described here to-night, I am quite prepared 
to believe that it was made by man, or that man made this [holding up a 
flint arrow-head], because here is a tang. But when I come to this [holding up 
another flint which had been sent by Mr. Whitley as being called a palaeolithic 
implement], I see that there is no fitting into a handle here, and that such 
a thing was never intended. I have brought two specimens, one from 
St. Acheul, in the Somme Valley, and another from Moulin Quignon, where 
M. Boucher de Perthes first found flint implements. I will not say, with 
the writer of this paper, “ man was here.” I can understand that their 
appearance of having been worked into form may induce a person to pause 
before arriving at the conclusion that these things are not the work 
of man. Here is a photograph of one of the implements [pointing to it], 
and here, beside it, is the representation of another flint nearly of the 
same form, which was evidently not fashioned by man, for it has never 
yet been released from its matrix of silicious sandstone. In the second 
photograph another accepted implement is compared with a similar form 
