326 
III. Ear-Language. — This consists of : — 
1. Ejaculations . I.e ., natural involuntary cries, which 
to a very great extent are identical, or only slightly 
variant, amongst different nations. They intensify 
by junction and reduplication,* e.g ., Grk. a, aa, 
cdalai , alala, which becomes a sub., “ the battle- 
cry,” and next a personification, the “ genius-of-the 
fray,” and so gives rise to a verb, alalazo , “ to cry 
alala .” Cf. Zulu halala , Tibetan alala, Heb. 
hallelujah . As an instance of. reduplication, we 
find, — ototoi , ototototototoi. JSo from the Old Eng. 
ea (ah) and la (lo) comes ealco (halloo). Cf. wa 
(woe), wain , walawa (well-a-way, well-a-day). 
2. Ordinary articulate speech. Which is, — 
(1.) Directly imitative. — The Onomatopoetic 
Proper, e.g., names simply and obviously 
expressive of sounds. 
(2.) Occultly imitative. — Here the connexion be- 
tween sound and sense is not immediately 
apparent. There must, as Plato remarks, 
have been some resemblance between the name 
and the thing ; and intentional resemblance 
is produced by imitation. If we deny any 
resemblance, we are driven back on the con- 
ventional theory of language, which we have 
already seen cause to reject. f 
8. Music. Which is, — 
(1.) Directly imitative . — At times highly inge- 
nious, but, as a rule, essentially clap-trap. 
(2.) Occultly imitative. — I.e., subtly suggestive ; 
so that we speak of “ the sound-reveries of 
Tone Poets.” 
It will thus be observed that language, like the moon, has a 
bright and intelligible side (direct imitation), and a dark and 
hidden side (occult imitation) ; but the latter did not spring 
from the former. The two combined form the mysterious 
satellite that attends and illumines the intelligence of man, 
very possibly borrowing its own light from man’s sun religion . % 
* Vide JR.M.A ., Sec. 19. The Law of Reduplication, 
f “ That the selection of words to express ideas was ever purely arbitrary 
is a supposition opposed to such knowledge as we have of the formation of 
language ” (Tylor, Early Hist, of Mankind, 3rd edit. p. 56). “ We cannot 
suppose the development of language possible without some connexion 
between sounds and objects” (Farrar, Language and Languages , 20)* 
X Vide sup., Sec. 1. 
