47 
which are or were quite recently in use among the Esquimaux and other 
tribes. There may have been similar things going on in Syria and Egypt, 
and elsewhere, preceded by civilisation in some other locality, followed by 
physical changes and alterations produced by floods, ice, and so forth, pro- 
ducing the facts we now find. We have evidence of the facts of the occupa- 
tion, of the disturbance, and of the subsequent settling down at the present 
level. We know the present causes to be very inconsiderable, and such as do 
not interfere with the regular occupations of mankind, and we infer without 
fear of contradiction that the former causes were more intense for the time. 
Eor my part, I do not see any reason for stretching one’s belief, or being- 
eager about the establishment of the fact that the flints in these gravels are 
not human implements, and, when I see things that are as evident tokens 
of workmanship as are the decorations of this room, I have no more hesi- 
tation in accepting the one than I have in believing the other, 
Mr. T. K. CALLAnn, E.G.S. — I think it rather difficult for any one 
to know when he has got a flint implement. I have brought from the 
Somme Valley certain forms of flint, and shown them to experts, who 
have said, “Some of them are implements and some are not.” Those 
which are received as implements are not much more like implements 
than the others. That they have something of the form which would 
give one an idea or first impression that they had been made by design 
1 have never disputed ; but when I have looked at the evidence all round 
I have found much that points in an opposite direction. Of the flints now 
on the table I should at once reject all but about three, and I should hesitate 
even about the three. There is a remark on the second page of the paper 
about which I should like to ask a question. The author says, “ It will be 
seen that they vary much in size and in form ; that there is no ‘ secondary 
chiiojying ’ on their edges ; but indications that the edges have been bruised 
by being rolled in the gravel.” Now, I should like to know whether that 
remark applies only to the flints now before us, or to all the sixty flints which 
are said to be implements, and which were exhibited by Mr. Smith? 
This is a very important question, because, on a former occasion, in this room, 
I produced two specimens of spear-heads. Professor McKenny Hughes, who 
is an expert in flint implements, at once recognised one, that which I have in 
my hand, as of human workmanship. Now, some of those before me look 
quite as much like human workmanship as it does. I then showed 
him another, which I now produce, and Professor Hughes said, “ I recog- 
nise this piece (the first) as the work of man, from the combination of 
blows that have produced a form generally associated with man’s handiwork. 
With regard to this other, I do not know how it has been produced, but it is 
certain that nature alone has been at work here. In the implement which 
I say is the work of man, I find that blows have been delivered all round the 
edge, with the evident and definite design of producing the form.” Now, 
if I look at the two forms, this, the rejected one, certainly seems to me 
as much like a spear-head as the other. I want to know what it is 
that determines which is a true implement and which is really the work 
