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rangGj scientific precision_, liigli moral tone, mental energy, 
profound subtlety, and deadly though veiled antagonism to 
righteousness, make up a whole such as has never been seen 
in the world before. The systems of philosophy encountered 
by St. Paul were, compared with this, but as unproved asser- 
tions to the deductions of exact science, or as crumbling sand 
to sohd granite. And whilst Mr. Spencer supplies the out- 
works and the fortification, that fortification is manned by the 
great body of scientific men. It is greatly understating the 
support accorded to the doctrine of Evolution, on which his 
system mainly rests, if we say that a distinct majority of the 
leading men of science in all countries of the globe give it their 
hearty and enthusiastic adhesion. Before it can be supplanted 
the opinions of the scientific world must be radically changed. 
If the acceptance of the doctrine of Evolution logically compels 
the acceptance of Mr. SpencePs philosophy then there is a 
bitter and awful conflict between Science and Theology looming 
before us, the issues whereof it is impossible to predict. Such 
a conflict must come independently of the question whether 
Evolution be true or false. True or false, it has now become the 
accepted scientific hypothesis, and nothing but stern and terrible 
warfare, carried on probably for fifty years, will drive it back 
from the position it has gained. It must be reckoned with 
whatever opinions any may hold concerning it. But let us now 
proceed to our examination, it being understood that we have 
to deal with a giant, and that if we would grapple with him 
effectively we must gird ourselves for earnest and manly 
struggle. 
I. In the first place, then, let us prove that the existence 
and the immateriality of Mind is a cardinal doctrine of 
Mr. Spencer^s Analytic system. 
II. Let us point out vast tracts in his Synthetic system 
where Mind is altogether ignored, and Man is regarded as 
nothing more than a composition of solar force. 
If these two points be satisfactorily established, then, of 
necessity, a complete and fatal contradiction has been made 
out to exist between two parts, — Analysis and Synthesis, — 
of what is claimed to be a logical unity, and, by consequence, 
the system, as a system, is hopelessly destroyed. 
I. The existence and the immateriality of Mind is a cardinal 
doctrine of Mr. Spencer^s Philosophy. 
It is one of the last and most certain deliverances of his 
Philosophy that Mind and Matter both exist, and that between 
these two there is a chasm which no effort of ours enables us to 
cross. He exhausts the resources of language to declare that 
this is the one fact which transcends in absolute certainty every 
