67 
the invariable attributes of the non-ego^ will produce a similar 
invariability in the ego, and he continues: — ‘^^As the sub- 
strata of all other relations in the non-ego, they (Space and 
Time) must be responded to by conceptions that are the sub- 
strata of all other relations in the ego. Being the constant 
and infinitely-repeated elements of thought, they must become 
the automatic elements of thought — the elements of thought 
which it is impossible to get rid of — the ^ forms of intuition/ 
In a similar way, he contends, all our powers of emotion, as- 
piration, aflPection, faith, have grown up, and, in this fashion, 
the cultivated European of to-day has been evolved out of 
the most rudimentary forms of life. This doctrine cannot 
readily be stated in Mr. Spencer^s own words, it is a crys- 
tallisation of the reasoning in an argument which stretches 
over 4,000 pages. 
The following passage covers some of the ground : — The 
corollary here drawn from the general argument is, that the 
human brain is an organised register of infinitely numerous 
experiences received during the evolution of life, or, rather, 
during the evolution of that series of organisms through 
which the human organism has been reached. The effects of 
the most uniform and frequent of these experiences have been 
successively bequeathed, principal and interest; and have 
slowly amounted to that high intelligence which lies latent in 
the brain of the infant — which the infant in after-life exercises 
aud perhaps strengthens or further complicates — and which, 
with minute additions, it bequeaths to future generations. 
And thus it happens that the European inherits from twenty 
to thirty cubic inches more brain than the Papuan. Thus it 
happens that faculties, as of music, which scarcely exist in 
some inferior human races, become congenital in superior 
ones. Thus it happens that out of savages unable to count 
up to the number of their fingers, and speaking a language 
containing only nouns and verbs, arise at length our Newtons 
and Shakspeares.^^t 
Now, against all this we are surely entitled to oppose the 
simple statement of that consciousness which Mr. Spencer 
himself has admitted is the final court of appeal, and to say 
to him in reply, ^^ No matter however clearly you may account 
for our nervous structure, — if you could show us a map of 
ourselves, wherein all our powers were traced back to molluscs, 
as distinctly as the Great Western Railway can be mapped 
from London to Bristol, — if also you could prove, with the 
* FrincipUs of Psychology, vol. i. pp» 466-7. t Ibid., pp. 470-1. 
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