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chasm is going to be bridged over. The magician is going to 
pass from the extended beam of light (for, to the scientific 
imagination, the Matter or Ether of which light is the undu- 
lation has surface and weight as manifestly as a cannon- 
ball — an undulation is unthinkable save as existing in a 
material substance), he is going to travel logically from 
this extended beam of light to the unextended Mind; and 
we wonder by what road. He continues : Either this 
must be conceded, or else it must be asserted that our suc- 
cessive states of consciousness are self-created.^^ This may 
pass without remark. But he goes on, — Either mental 
energies as well as bodily ones are quantitatively correlated to 
certain energies expended in their production, and to certain 
other energies which they initiate, or else nothing must become 
something, and something must become nothing.^^ Now, see 
the sophism in this sentence. Undoubtedly mental energies’^ 
are quantitatively correlated to certain energies expended in 
their production,^^ but the energies which alone can generate 
mental energies must themselves be mental, for Matter can 
never build up Mind. No x, multiplied by any conceivable 
factor, can make y. Where organic life is already existing, 
solar rays may so act upon it as to give it power to assimilate 
inorganic Matter, and so build up the Matter of which its 
nerve tissue is composed; but the Mind, which dwells in 
that nerve tissue, can only be produced by something that 
can build up Mind. This, solar rays are powerless to do. 
By the ^‘certain energies which are expended in the 
production of Mind, Mr. Spencer means physical energies 
— the energies of the sun — and his argument is pure nonsense 
if he does not mean these ; but, when we supply this, the 
sophism appears at once. Either mental energies as well as 
bodily ones are quantitatively correlated to certain [physical] 
energies expended in their production,^^ — here we see the 
absurdity in a moment, — mental energies quantitatively 
correlated to physical energies ■’M when Mr. Spencer has 
assured us the two are in diflPerent regions of thought, separated 
by a barrier we can never cross ! I thought correlated 
meant brought into co-relation with, and I thought quan- 
titatively correlated meant that one term of the relation was 
the same quantity as the other term ; but how the mental force 
required to produce Paradise Lost can be equal in quantity 
to any amount of sunlight passes my imagination to conceive. 
It will be observed that Mr. Spencer here goes far beyond 
the statement of Professor Tyndall. In the Belfast Address 
we were told : — We can trace the development of a nervous 
system, and correlate with it the parallel phenomena of sen- 
