172 
much. so_, that when the evidence is before you it will be 
a reasonable question to ask whether or not the Glacial and 
immediate Post-Glacial conditions did not necessarily produce 
such a break in the continuity of mammalian life as to be fatal 
to Darwin^ s hypothesis ? 
9. Professor Pamsey, Director - General of the Geological 
Survey of the United Kingdom, says, of the British Islands in 
the Glacial epoch, “ that they wQre in great part covered by 
glacial ice, probabl}^ as thick as that of the north of Green- 
land at the present day ; * * * § that when the most extreme 
cold prevailed the mountains of Scotland were covered with 
ice ; that the glaciers flowing eastward from the Highlands 
met a vast body of ice coming westerly and southerly from 
Scandanavia, whilst the ice travelling Avestward from the 
Highlands overspread what is now the Island of Lewis and 
other islands of the outer Hebrides ; that a thick ice-sheet 
from the Grampians overspread the valley of the Tay, and, 
crossing the Ochil Hills, invaded the valley of the Forth. 
10. Professor James Geikie endorses all that Professor 
Pamsey says upon this subject, for, when writing upon 
Changes of Climate during the Glacial Epoch,^^ he says that 
every part of Scotland, with the possible exception of a few 
peaks or tips of the loftiest mountains, has certainly been buried 
underneath snow and ice ; t ^-^d, in delivering the presidential 
address to the Perthshire Society of Katural Science in 
March last, he directed attention to the glacial striations 
detected on the Sidlaws and Ochils, wdiich, he says, proves 
that all this region [that is, Perthshire] Avas formerly buried 
underneath ice, Avhicli overflowed from the Highlands, SAveep- 
ing across hills up to the height of 3,000 feet, and pressing 
out in a general south-east direction. 
11. Professor Jamieson, F.G.S., of the University of Aber- 
deen, found evidence of ice having deposited boulders in Scot- 
land on summits 2,000 to 3,000 feet high ; but he attributed the 
action not to that of glaciers, but to floating icebergs. He 
says that it tells the tale of all Scotland having been at that 
time under water : Professors Pamsey and Geikie would say 
under ice ; but whether under water or under ice the conclu- 
sion drawn by Professor Jamieson Avould be equally correct. 
It involves/^ he says, as a consequence, that the present 
flora and fauna [i.e., of Scotland] date from the Drift period.^^ § 
* Popular EncycIop(edia, article Geology.” 
t Geological Magazine, 1872, p. 548. 
J Perthshire Advertiser, March 10, 1881. 
§ British Association, 1859. 
