181 
on the extent of perpetual snow^ and perpetual snow means 
summer snow/^ * But increase of eccentricity would lessen 
summer snow in the Southern Hemisphere, and therefore pro- 
duce an effect the exact contrary of what CrolPs hypothesis 
requires, and in the absence of that hypothesis there is no 
reason whatever for supposing otherwise than Charles Darwin 
did when he wrote the fourth edition of his book. The evidence 
being satisfactory of the glaciation in both hemispheres, the 
simultaneousness of that glaciation would occur in nature^s 
course. 
29. When the Glacial period had passed away and the land 
was re-elevated. Page says, A new fauna and flora suitable to 
the new conditions were then established in Europe,^^ t which 
harmonises with what Professor Dawkins says about the mid- 
Pleistocene mammalia differing from the early Pleistocene 
group by the incoming of species hitherto unknown, and 
amongst these man is to be reckoned. J 
30. Man had no existence in pre-glacial times. Every 
attempt to prove otherwise has signally failed. Professor 
McKenny Hughes, although an advocate for the doctrine of 
man^s antiquity, in reviewing the present state of the evidence 
bearing upon the question, emphatically says that the 
evidence for the antiquity of man has completely broken 
down in all cases where it has been attempted to assign him 
to a period more remote than the post-glacial river gravels.‘’^§ 
31. Was man, then, a new creation or an evolution from an 
old fauna ? Sir John Lubbock has reminded us in his late 
address that evolution does not mean that a sheep might turn 
to a cow, or a zebra to a horse. That no one would more 
(-‘onfidently withstand any such hypothesis than would Charles 
Darwin, his view being not that the one could be changed into 
the other, but that ‘^both are descended from a common 
ancestor. In the words of Darwin, species have descended 
from other species by insensibly fine gradations.^’ |1 
32. Before the Glacial epoch man was not, but when it passed 
away, and a new fauna appeared, man was there. If this is 
to be explained by evolution, when did the evolution take 
place ? Professor Dawkins founds his argument for the non- 
existence of man in Europe in the Pliocene period on the fact 
that in all Europe he can only find one solitary species of 
^Spectator, May 2,' 1874. 
t Elementary Handbooh of Geology^ p. 133. 
X Early Man in Britain, p. 134. Ibid. 91, 93. 
§ “ The Present State of the Evidence bearing upon the Question of the 
Antiquity of Man,” Transactions of the Victoria Institute, vol. xiii. p. 327. 
II Origin of iSpecics, p. 171. 
