182 
Pliocene mammal that is now the associate of man^ and he 
does not find a single specimen from the Miocene. 
33. Man, says the evolutionist, was derived from some an- 
thropoid ape. Did that ape struggle through the Ice period ? 
If man was derived from the ape, the theory requires that at a 
certain point of time the ape should be so near to man, or the 
man to the ape, that it would have been impossible to say 
whether the mammal under consideration was man or ape. 
Darwin stakes his theory upon this. He says, — If it could 
be demonstrated that any complete organ existed, which could 
not possibly have been formed by minute successive slight modi- 
fications, my theory would absolutely break down ; * and Pro- 
fessor Dawkins endorsed what Charles Darwin says, in these 
words, that ^^betweenhis [man^s] appearance in the Pleistocene 
age and the present day the time is too small to have produced ^ 
appreciable physical or intellectual change.^H Immense time 
is asked for because of the minuteness of each successive 
change. Dryopithicus is claimed to be the most advanced of 
the ape kind (some of his bones may be seen in the new 
Natural History Museum) ; but Dryopithicus became extinct 
in the Miocene age, leaving the whole of the Pliocene to 
separate him from man ; besides which. Professor Dawkins 
disclaims for the higher apes of the European Miocene and 
Pliocene period ^^any tendency to assume human characters^’; 
he also admits the first appearance of man as a man and not 
as a man-like brute.” J Dr. Virchow goes so far as to say,§ 
We must really acknowledge that there is a complete 
absence of any fossil type of a lower stage in the development 
of man.” 
34. One of the two oldest skulls known to us, the Engis 
skull, shows no inferiority to an average modern skull. 
35. When, then, did the ape become a man hj minute succes- 
sive slight modifications, upon the correctness of which Charles 
Darwin stakes his theory of evolution. Was it in the Glacial 
period ? I see no other time left for the change. How long, 
then, did the Glacial period last ? Professor Boyd Dawkins, 
believing in the geological antiquity of man, would not place 
his first appearance on the earth as man at less than 200,000 
years ; and, if that is not long enough to produce any appreci- 
able physical change, how long would it take to evolve man from 
an ape ? Why, vastly longer than the Glacial epoch lasted, 
even upon Dr. Croll’s hypothesis, for the eccentricity which 
was supposed necessary to produce a Glacial epoch had come 
* Origin of Species, p. 239. 
X Gam Hunting, p. 425. 
+ Cave Hunting, p. 425. 
§ Leisure Hour, 1878, p. 334. 
