260 
other. Why then should we be expected to believe that 
because physical resemblances exist more or less between 
man and the higher apes^ he and they should therefore be 
one save only in the degree of development/^ 
Again : The mass of protoplasm, we are told, which ulti- 
mately produces a fish, is of the same nature as that which 
ultimately produces a reptile, a bird, or a mammal. Ad- 
mitted, at least as far as the chemical analysis of dead proto- 
plasm goes, but not admitted as regards the potentiality of 
each. ' For though the life-germ of each class is the same at 
first, it does not continue the same throughout its develop- 
ment. When the egg quickens there is a different segmen- 
tation for each of the great sub-kingdoms. All the eggs of 
the vertebrates may begin their development in one way and 
run on in the same way for a while ; but the invertebrata 
begins in another, and in virtue of their own special poten- 
tiality they divide, and sub-divide, and weave in one case a 
protozoon,in another an insect, in another a mollusk, in another 
a fish, in another a bird, and in another a mammal, as the 
case may be : and this they always do, and, as far as evidence 
goes, always have done. Professor Haeckel, who bases his 
conclusion of man^s descent from the amoeba, on the simi- 
larity of the egg-cell of all animals, by a diagrammic represen- 
tation of the egg cleavage of seven distinct classes really 
shows that the differentiation is different in each. Thus, 
while the parent cell of man, frog, and the amphioxus, presents 
no appreciable difference, the first cleavage state is not at all 
the same. In man the cleavage is dual, while in the frog 
and amphioxus it is quadruple ; and, indeed, the whole of 
the five separate developments of the cells are dissimilar.* 
In fact, the diagram might with advantage be as well used 
by the opponents of the theory to substantiate their views 
as by the evolutionists to prove theirs. To adopt the lan- 
guage of Dr. Cook, of Boston, we may say : ^^Just as the 
weaver, when he throws his first shuttle, has the plan of 
the whole fabric in his mind, because he has arranged before- 
hand the pattern, and has provided for it in the disposition 
of his warp, so there is a well-arranged plan settled before 
to which each bioplast works; and, in virtue of this pre- 
arranged plan, all creatures produce progeny after its kind. 
To each seed is given its own body.^^ 
Once more. Is it not a fact, asks the evolutionist, that 
^ The Evolution of Man, vol. i., p. 240. 
