23 
of Galilee form the eastern boundary. The whole of the inter- 
mediate region consists of lowland hills rising from the great 
plains of Acre, the Mukutta or Esdraelon, and the Jordan, 
and enclosing other plains, the largest of which is the Plain of 
Buttauf. All of these lowland hills are less than 2,000 feet 
above the sea. The separation between Upper and Lower 
Galilee lies along a succession of watercourses that form 
the definite southern base of a chain of mountains rising 
above 2,000 feet, and culminating in 3,440 feet on the summit 
of Ueby Heider. This range has its western terminus near 
St. Jean d^Acre, and passes from thence eastward to the Jordan, 
where that river forms a rapid at the bottom of the gorge 
between the Huleh Lake and the Sea of Galilee. I will not 
trouble you now with the names of the watercourses that define 
this natural line of separation ; but they will be found in my 
Introduction to the Survey. Suffice it to say that the 
natural distinction between Upper and Lower Galilee is due to 
their difference of altitude, which is made manifest to the eye 
in the Vertical Section before the meeting. The Section is 
published in my special edition of the Reduced Map. It is 
worthy of remark that this difference of altitude is suggested 
by the old Jewish commentators in the Mishnah, when they 
remark that the sycomore fig-tree, found in Lower Galilee and 
other warm parts, never grows in Upper Galilee, no doubt 
owing to the colder climate of the latter. The highest moun- 
tain of Upper Galilee is nearly 4,000 feet above the sea ; and 
heights above 3,000 feet frequently occur. 
We might rest the definition of the southern limit of upper 
Galilee on altitude alone, but the identification of the localities 
employed for the purpose by the ancients is still interesting. 
The nearest approach at present found to Bersobe is Khurbet 
Abu esh Sheba, near the foot of Jebel Heider, and close to 
Kefr An an. This suggestion appears to be the more worthy 
of notice on account of its proximity to Kefr Anan, that being 
a place mentioned in the Mishna, under the slightly different 
name of Kefr Hananiya, as marking the frontier between the 
two Galilees. 
The boundaries of Samaria supply another illustration of 
the value of the Survey ; but, for lack of time, I pass on to 
an old Bible story, with distinct names of localities which 
have hitherto eluded discovery. I allude to SauTs eventful 
journey in search of his fatheffs lost asses, narrated in the 
Lower Galilee and Samaria further south ; hut they were only guided by 
religious considerations concerning the local application of ritual. I refrain 
from enlarging further on the statements of Josephus, as time forbids. 
