297 
nothing. But all that he really does tell us of their genera- 
tion is this comprehensive dictum : — “ The genesis of heat, 
which must accompany augmentation of density 33 (only in 
some cases it perversely does not, as he himself elsewhere 
mentions) “ is a consequence of another order. ... At a later 
stage light, as well as heat, will be generated. Thus, without 
dwelling on the likelihood of chemical combinations and elec- 
trical disturbances, it is sufficiently manifest that, supposing 
matter to have originally existed in a diffused state [the 
homogeneous definite nebulous mass before described], the 
once uniform force which [beginning how and when ?] caused 
its aggregation must have become gradually divided into 
different forces 33 (435) ; which is exactly what one force acting 
on homogeneous matter never could be, as he has himself 
several times indirectly admitted. 
But suppose for a moment that it could, and even must : 
what reason is that for concluding that the one initial force 
must divide itself into just the attractions of various kinds, 
and a few repulsions, heat, electricity, and all the chemical 
and organic forces requisite to generate the world ? Mr. 
Spencer has not a word of reason to give for any one of these 
“ mysterious transformations,” and indeed admits that he is 
entirely “ in the dark 33 about them, as we shall see presently. 
And yet he coolly pronounces all these wills 33 and “ musts ” 
and “ likelihoods ” — an entirely new agent in natural philo- 
sophy — “ deductions 33 from his one axiom, and announces at 
the beginning of Chapter 14 that he is now going to te verify 
deduction by induction 33 ; which means a natural selection of 
such specimens as suit his views of all his various processes of 
evolution, “ abandoning 33 all that do not, and then pro- 
nouncing the induction sufficient and complete (379). 
If anything could make all this more ludicrous, he has done 
it by solemnly pronouncing “ the transformation of the phy- 
sical forces into each other profound mysteries,” which “it is 
impossible to fathom ” (p. 217). We are saved all trouble of 
refuting his impossible proposition that any primeval uniform 
force (which turns out to be self-existent gravity) could ever 
transform a homogeneous mas^into a number of heterogeneous 
ones, by his saying himself that “ where the only forces at 
work are those directly tending to produce aggregation or 
diffusion [of which latter force he has yet told us nothing] 
the whole history of an aggregate will comprise no more than 
the approaches of its components towards their common 
centre, and their recessions from it 33 (p.287). And again : — 
“ Like units subject to a uniform force capable of producing 
“ Transform- 
ation of 
Forces a pro- 
found Mys- 
tery.” 
