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specific. That is really all I have said about species ; and no one, I should 
have thought, could have imagined I meant to say that the characteristics of 
species regarded in themselves were invariable. Then we come to another 
misunderstanding. I used the term “made.” Mr. Reddie quotes me, and 
substitutes the word “ created,” placing it between inverted commas, as if the 
exact word I used. Now I use the terms “made” and “created” in two 
different senses. It may be wrong to make such a distinction ; but when I 
say “ created,” I mean created in the first place, not out of anything that 
existed before ; and when I say “ made,” I mean made out of something 
which did exist before. I do not at all assert that the words in the Hebrew 
bear out the distinction, but it is good to have two words thus distinct in 
sense. I said, therefore, “We believe that all living things we now see 
about us were made by God.” I do not say created ; and I never said God 
created all living things at the present time. I could not say so— 
' Rev. Dr. Irons. — Forgive me, but as a matter of fact, I do not think you 
are fairly representing Mr. Reddie’s argument on this point. 
Mr. Reddie.— As it is so late, I did not wish to interrupt Mr. Warington ; 
but I cannot admit any of these various interpretations of my arguments ; 
and I must appeal to my paper. 
Mr. Warington. — Then as to the question itself, whichever word we use, 
I want to know whether it is not as true, “ philosophically,” that God made 
me as that God made Adam ? If I look to the only authority we have to 
appeal to upon a matter of this kind— Scripture— I find David says that he 
was “ fearfully and wonderfully made,” and does not herein look to Adam, 
but to himself ; for if you look at the context, you find he is referring dis- 
tinctly to his own individual creation or making, or whatever you call it ; 
and I say it is a simple truth that God made all living beings we see around 
us ; and how ? I say He made them (I will quote the exact words, for I do 
not wish to run away from what I have said) : “ By means and under 
the influence of the causes involved in Darwinism.” What means \ By 
reproduction — 
Mr. Reddie. — Adam ? 
Mr. Warington. — Do we see Adam about us ? I never said all living 
species, but that all living things we see at the present time have been made 
by reproduction, and whatever variations they have, they have got them in the 
same way which Darwin lays down in his theory. Now how is this phrase, 
that all living beings were made by God in this way— how is this understood ? 
It is said to be an incredible assertion, because “ we know nothing of the trans- 
mutation of species.” I never said we did know that existing species are the 
transmuted descendants of others, but simply that by inheritance and repro- 
duction they are what they are. Carry the same principle backwards, and 
you have nothing more nor less than Darwinism ; and I say if production in 
this manner be thus in harmony with God’s present mode of acting, there is 
no possible reason why He should not have acted in this way also in the past. 
Then again (I am sorry to be obliged to go into such detail, but there really is 
no other way of meeting the paper), we come in the next paragraph to another 
