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into my garden, and a day or two afterwards a “ swarm ” took place in the 
village, and came down into my garden and settled in my hive. Now, that 
is a very important fact. Every one knows that bees, in swarming, always 
follow the queen bee ; but their tendency is to “ settle ” as soon as they can. 
Now, what took place here ? They did not settle near the spot where the 
swarm took place, but sent out a number of scouts, who came into my garden 
and found the best possible spot for settling — my empty hive. It should be 
borne in mind that the queen bee never leaves home except once in swarm- 
ing time, and once in early life. These scouts, then, must have had some 
means of communicating with her concerning the hive they had found, and 
informing her that there was a suitable habitation for her and for them within 
a seven minutes’ distance. The queen bee, necessarily ignorant of the road, 
must have been conducted to the spot by the scouts. It is impossible to 
ascribe all these things to the operation of mere instinct, and, as to memory, 
that is altogether out of the question, as the queen bee could have had no memory 
upon the subject at all. I have also kept dogs ; and here is a remarkable 
occurrence which, I believe, shows conclusively that a dog has some higher 
power to guide him than that of mere instinct. One of my dogs was a setter, 
which became an expert and inveterate poacher ; and our man had a large 
sheep-dog, which was a very fleet runner. The setter used to persuade the 
sheep-dog to go out with him on his predatory excursions, and there they 
would “ hunt in couples,” the one starting, and the other catching the game. 
I have taken meat to the setter at the time when he was usually fed, and I 
have found that, instead of eating it all himself, he has taken part of the meat 
to the sheep-dog, and then, after bribing him in that way, and after a little 
play between them, they have gone off together hunting for game. Now, if 
I were to persuade any one to do an act which he did not wish to do, I think 
you will admit that I should be exercising some rational power. And that is 
precisely what used to occur between the two dogs. The setter used himself 
to eat less than he was allowed, and give the remainder to the sheep-dog, in 
order to induce him to become an accomplice in the commission of an illegal 
and improper act. Another instance of a dog exercising reasoning power 
was at Plymouth Harbour. The harbour is three parts of a mile across, and 
between the Devonshire and Cornwall sides a steam bridge ferries passengers 
across. I have seen the dog I refer to come down to the water’s edge on one 
side just as the steam bridge had started for the other. And what used the 
animal to do ? He knew that in half an hour the steam bridge would be 
back again, ready for a fresh journey ; and the dog would wait quietly on 
the beach until the steam bridge came back, and it would then jump on board. 
I maintain that such a course on the part of a man would plainly be the 
result of a process of induction, and I think we have no right to assume 
that the dog was not capable of going through some such mental process 
himself. There are various other instances which I might give you of 
animals, and especially of bees, which I believe show the possession of some 
intellectual power, though of course I am far from contending that that 
power is anything like the intellect of man. Animals, I think, possess ideas, 
