62 
already quoted, we are furnished with a chart drawn up 
according to instructions from Agassiz. The forms of life on 
earth are there placed under eight heads, and the chief types 
are arranged in eight columns. But, in the construction of 
these columns, the “ facts " are handled in a manner fitted to 
destroy all confidence in the representations of scientific men. 
Here we have Africa and its typical “ negro.” We should 
expect to find the figure of an African head placed at the top of 
the African column to be as near the average as that adopted 
in the case of the other typical creatures given in the column ; 
but no. The very lowest specimen that could be found is 
exaggerated into a caricature of lowness, and given as the 
“ type " ! I have seen Charles Livingstone's photographs of 
Africans taken in their native wilds, and he has personally 
told me that they were fair average heads. They would be 
fair average heads among ourselves ! They demonstrate 
that this bust published by Nott and Gliddon is a shameful 
misrepresentation. 
If we pass from this “typical" African to the “typical" 
European, we find the bust of Cuvier himself given as that 
“ type." One of the very greatest men of which any country 
can boast, and that, too, evidently after he had lost his teeth, 
so that he presents the greatest possible contrast to the 
“ prognathous" negro, is placed in comparison with the lowest 
form that could be selected from among the blacks. Is this 
science ? or is it likely to lead any one to respect the honour 
of scientific men ? The united testimony of Dr. Livingstone 
and his brother, in reference to their observation of natives in 
Africa, is this. They say, “We have seen nothing to justify 
the notion that they are of a different f breed 3 or f species 3 
from the most civilized. The African is a man with every 
attribute of human kind."* Nor is this a testimony in favour 
of a mere unsupported opinion. The figures from photographs 
taken in the interior, — figures of men, women, and children 
given with the greatest fidelity, as any one may see who com- 
pares the engravings with the photographs from which they 
are copied, — are the most unexceptionable evidence of the 
truthfulness of this testimony in favour of African manhood. 
If men form a set of ideas in which all Europeans are Cuviers, 
and all Africans are like this caricature of a negro given in 
Nott and Gliddon' s chart, what may be expected as to the 
conclusions to which such notions will lead them ? 
But there is another way in which this chart of life may be 
dealt with. Under each human head is a column formed of 
* The Zambese and its Tributaries , p. 596. 
