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up to the highest degree of civilization. Then, not only the Bible, but many 
subsidiary matters, lead us to the notion of the unity of the human race ; and 
evidence of this is found especially in the progress and diversities of language. 
Language is not only a most marvellous instrument for the articulation of 
sound, but those who use it show that they have a unity of mental organiza- 
tion which to my mind proves that they came from one single stock, because 
the peculiarities of that organization can be traced through all the differences 
of so-called different races of the earth. There is a unity running through 
them all which is most striking. Not only have you unity in the structure of 
language, but you find a unity among them in the myths of history, and a 
unity of traditions. When you take the language, the traditions, and the 
mythology of the human races into consideration, you find that some of those 
races which you would have thought were furthest apart, approach most 
closely towards each other. Some of those who, from their personal appear- 
ance, seem to belong to different species, are really most closely allied. For 
instance, it was thought at one time that the Hindoo and European races 
were as separate and distinct from each other as black and white. The 
Hindoos, though not negroes, are essentially a black race, and some of them 
you will find to be quite as black in the countenance as negroes. But yet it 
is now acknowledged by the common consent of all scientific men, that the 
English and the Hindoos are descended from the very same race, using the 
same type of language, and not so far separated from each other as are the 
Englishman and the Jew, who are both white men. Indeed, so much are the 
J ews white men that it is sometimes hard to distinguish them from the 
English— although you also have black Jews, which gives us another inde- 
pendent proof of the point I am laying down. There is one point in Professor 
Macdonald’s paper which I confess I cannot understand. I cannot understand 
why he restricts the Flood to the region of Atalanta. If there is anything 
whatever to be depended upon, or any knowledge to be derived from the uni- 
versal traditions of the human race — and this is a phenomenon not easily ex- 
plained — it is that the Flood certainly did overwhelm all the races of men which 
were upon the earth. There is not one single human race from which, however 
barbarous it may be, you cannot find evidence in its traditions, in the midst 
of all its barbarism, of the destruction of mankind by a flood. As to the 
Professor’s theories of the number of original creations of different races, I 
cannot find any support for them anywhere. I cannot find the slightest reason 
for such a belief in the inspired book ; and I fail to discover anything in its 
support in any scientifice evidence, from whatever source it may be derived. 
All the scientific evidence points out most strongly, and by the most powerful 
arguments, not only the possibility, but the extreme probability, of all the 
human races having descended from a single pair. How any man can take 
the inspired record — the New Testament and the Old Testament together — 
for his guide, and maintain that that Bible gives any authority for such a 
doctrine as that of these diverse races, I cannot at all understand. We 
therefore find that the Professor, when he is obliged to get over the idea of 
the universality of man’s form, tells us that the Adamic race fell. But what 
did they fall to ? According to his theory, they fell into the position of the 
