14 
actual juxtaposition ? In the country of the Senegal, for 
example, we find the Moorish race on the left hanks, and the 
Wollofs or Jollofs — an intensely black sub-Negro variety on 
the right, between the Senegal and the Gambia. 
22. Again, if this climatological theory be correct, how is it 
that Negroes can pass into other climates, and continue there 
for many generations, subject to conditions of life quite distinct 
from those of their remote ancestors, and yet exhibit the same 
permanent characteristics of skin and hair ? In ancient Egypt, 
for example, we have full monumental proofs of a fixed popula- 
tion of Negroes from the time of Moses to the Ptolemies (a 
period of twelve centuries) ; yet their portraiture throughout 
is one and the same, no climatological or other adventitious 
circumstance appearing to have modified them m the slightest 
degree. They have also dwelt upon the continent of America, 
for about three hundred years, without the least alteration,— 
I will not say in skull or bony structure, for education, freedom, 
and civilization do, no doubt, alter that, as I ave a rea y 
remarked; but, at all events, in the colour of their skins and 
the texture of their hair. It will be said, perhaps that this 
survival of their original type is to be amounted for by the 
constant importation of fresh natives from Africa. To a certain 
extent that argument may have weight, but I think it can 
scarcely overthrow the whole force of the preceding observa- 
tions For the late slave population of the United States was 
reared on many plantations as a domestic institution, and yet, 
when left unmixed with European blood, facts abundantly prove 
that no influence of food or climate has ever had the slightest 
tendency to alter the character of its skin or hair. 
23. In proportion, then, as these inherent and constitutional 
powers of race can thus prove themselves superior to all ihe 
influences of food and climate, continued throughout centuries, 
it appears to me to be the less probable that any such abori- 
ginal causes could ever have produced these intensely potent 
and obstinately permanent characteristics. , 
24 At all events, should this theory be established, it can 
only be reasonably substantiated by extending the chronology 
of the human race to a period of indefinite antiquity. For 
centuries, which have produced so little change by way o 
reversion, must be multiplied enormously m order to calculate 
the probable rate at which they produced an origination ot 
these abnormal characteristics. Egyptian paintings are to b 
seen coeval with the time of Moses, if not of Joseph, m which 
the Negro features are as plainly marked as at present. At 
Medinet-Aboo, among thebas-reliefs of Rameses III., atAboo 
Simbel, among the portraits of bound prisoners driven before 
