9 
sheep. Here again we have a feature which distinguishes 
the Negro race from the rest of mankind. For, although 
there may be a few individual specimens among other races 
in which we discover some approximation to this debased and 
prognathous skull, and although there may possibly be a few 
individual instances of Negro approximation to the elliptic or 
pyramidal skull of other nations, yet, taking each in the mass, 
there is a decided separation between them ; a separation so 
entire and decided, that the Negro race must still be regarded, 
in these respects, as a solecism in the midst of humanity. 
7. There is a fourth difference, which ought not to be over- 
looked in a paper of this kind, viz., the size of the Pelvis. 
After very careful measurements, it has been found that in 
many instances the Negro pelvis is smaller in both its 
diameters than the European. Dr. Yrolik, of Amsterdam, 
indeed, has remarked that the pelvis of the male negro, in 
the strength and density of its substance, and of the bones 
which compose it, resembles the pelvis of a wild beast ; while 
that of the female combines lightness of substance and 
delicacy of form and structure. The same distinguished writer 
asserts the existence of several other specific differences ; but 
as the number of cases tested is as yet insufficient for the 
formation of any satisfactory judgment, and as Professor 
Owen is of opinion that such differences are not necessary 
characteristics of race,* I will not enter further into them. 
8. Other structural peculiarities have been also noted, such 
as a greater length in the lower arm in proportion to the 
upper arm and the height of the body ; the flatness also of 
the hands and feet, and the flexibility of the fingers and toes. 
The bones also of the legs are bent outwards, under the 
condyles of the thigh-bone, so that the knees stand further 
apart, and the feet are turned more outward than in 
Europeans. 
9. The problem which ethnologists have to solve is, How 
were these structural peculiarities originated ? 
To this question five answers may be given : — 
I. By an act of independent and separate creation. 
II. By a miraculous judgment on the person of Canaan. 
(See Gen. ix. 25.) 
III. Through the action of food } climate , and other external 
causes. 
IV. Through the principle of Methodical selection , by which 
new varieties of animals are often artificially produced. 
V. Through the operations ' of Natural selection , after some 
* Owen’s Comparative Anatomy , vol. ii. p. 578. 
