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of their intelligence, and judge, therefore, of them as they of 
us. Well, and why not so of God ? Are you a carpenter ? 
Then, in making a door or box, you know that you require to 
cut the wood so as to fit the parts one to another, and the whole 
for the object you have in view ; and to do so, you require to be 
furnished with certain instruments or tools, also devised and 
formed by intelligence, for measuring, and planing, and cutting, 
and fixing the materials you work upon. And, conversely, when 
you see a suitable instrument, or find a box or door so properly 
fashioned and fitted as to answer its purpose, you conclude it 
was made by an intelligent workman ; and if you see him in 
the act of working, you conclude he has intelligence and skill, 
according to what he exhibits of these in his handiwork, i.e., 
according to their effects. And, by your experience in your 
own particular craft, and the exercise of your reflection and 
intelligence, you are able to carry your judgment beyond your- 
self and your own kind of work, and to judge that skill and 
intelligence are also necessary in making all other works of art 
and skill, as the clothes you wear, and still more — from its 
greater complexity of construction and superior functions — the 
watch you carry in your pocket. And, according to the com- 
plexity of the work and the beauty of the workmanship observed 
in any article of common use or piece of mechanism, you can 
judge to a great extent, though the craft be not your own, of 
the amount of skill and intelligence required to produce what 
you see. Nor have you any difficulty (which is a point of con- 
sequence) in discriminating "between what is the result of chance 
or accident in what you see, and what has been devised, 
intended, and arranged by skill and intelligence. For instance, 
when you see the broken flints lying upon a newly-macadamized 
road, you can judge at once how much is intended in what is 
before you, and how much has been left to chance. You know 
at a glance that the stones have been laid down so as to cover 
a certain space on the carriage-way, and only there, intentionally 
by intelligence ; but as to the disposition of each particular piece 
of stone, you see at once that that has not been cared for ; that 
they have been left by chance, as it were, to fall into places for 
themselves. But when you look, on the other hand, to the 
causeway, or the pavement, you observe, also at a glance, that 
there, not only are the stones laid down so as to occupy a certain 
length and breadth, and so to cover a certain space ; but you 
see, from their regularity and proper adjustment one to another, 
that each particular stone has been so laid down in its own 
proper place, not by chance or accident, but intentionally , with 
a purpose, and under the superintendence of an intelligent , 
thinking mind. Then, to compare the stones jumbled together 
