190 
pounded by Bishop Berkeley in support 
we call material existence, I “ matter ” of the universe, 
to have a short hunt and, as some 
How shall we first of a it hard or soft, hot 
will have it, eternal matter? ShaU the so ft air 
or cold, visible or colourless ? If W, ““ 1 that the sub- 
we breathe? And can we, Propne y ^ - s soft) 
stance or substratum of airu .hard wh 1 abstract matter _ 
fluid, and yielding? If, again^we say ^ ^ conclude that ,t 
common to all sensible thing • f ’ or 0 f the solid rocks and 
forms the substratum of th > solidity and hardness, 
mountains ? If so, what gives them their ' J matter or 
if essential matter itself does not, and it^ ^ ^ ? ^ 
substance be something s f . > su bstratum of ice and 
this abstract matter, whic > though we know that 
sn0 w? And are we to conclude ^VXfs formerly hard, 
heat dissolves some thmgs^ sor ^ et hing hot is the 
into attenuated air, or g , Or, shall we say, it 
substance or matter of this sa / that cold exists 
is not hot, Imt coM , > material things, and say that 
in fire, are we to exclude n ttpr 9 But then, when 
in fire there is ^TaMougheold does change thin vapour into 
thetoser fluid water, and ren d de *^ 5 and 
yet it only rarefies the air and d ^ heat-which 
moreover, while we ,y ere n ?. nv b 7 t , Qrf n hn di es and make even 
tends to dissipate fluid and ique y air __ coul d not very well be 
solid things evaporate into ga stance of material things, 
considered the abstract "for we find, by adding 
we are now equally P uzzled ^ • frequently decreased, so that 
cold to substances, their bulk is 9 j_. f cold be s0 __the 
the more you add of this essen eve „ tliat invariably, 
less the material object becomes , becoming contracted, 
for water, when frozen ^ ex . 
like metals under the same mfluenc . addi n g it to 
pands ! So that, if cold e a . s lightness, but added to 
water, the water increases li^Jmlk ana hght^ ^ ^ lk> 
metals, they grow smaller, and, in P P ^ weight a s 
heavier; which would seem to p , takes any material 
any criterion, that cold neither g in any se nse be 
5SS i“JS& f i ““s L“LS. o rs 
* Or have taught, till very recently. 
