235 
Time has not failed, and if progress has been going on from 
eternity, why is not the cycle completed ? If we are still going 
on, there must be order, and order implies government. Pro- 
gress must be measured by time ; measurement is a rule, and 
thus we are brought to the old argument from design. True 
mc cannot explain why force is not an attribute of matter, nor 
why the origin and direction of force implies mind; but we 
have at least as good a right to our theory of design, and to say 
that it accords with our moral convictions, as any one can have 
to say that the contrary is in the constitution of things, though 
not further explicable. 
MINERALOGICAL INSTANCES. 
15. We will next allude to the mode of occurrence of a few of 
the predominant minerals occurring in the composition of rocks. 
16. Quartz . — The actual development of this substance has 
always been either by deposit from water holding it in solution, 
by crystallization, by organic agency separating it in water, or 
by deposit from heated vapour. These modes have all been in 
operation from the first. The crystalline rocks contain silica 
m distinct crystals or grains; the sandstone rocks hold it in 
pounded fragments; the chalk displays it around foreign 
boaies .or in layers from precipitation or deposit ; volcanic 
springs and mineral veins show it as resulting from heated water 
or steam. It abounds in the ancient rocks in a chemical form, 
and m modern rocks in a mechanical form. The modern 
deposit from springs and water is wholly inconsiderable ; it is 
removed from the soil by the plants at a rate which, according 
to Bischoff, would in 78,705 years yield a foot in thickness over 
the surface of the earth. Nowhere is it being elaborated in 
the same fashion or degree as is manifested in the older strata. 
1/. certain minerals are characteristic of particular periods 
of geological time. Thus glauconite, a silicate of magnesia, is 
i or rued on foramimfera, m the lower cretaceous system, more 
abundantly than elsewhere. Wavellite, a hydro-phosphate, 
occuis in the Devonian grits in a similar manner ;and P so of 
numerous other minerals. 
_If’ Lme f tone > # crystalline or compact precipitate from 
otnhioT f °.T ed ''- V ° rganic l ;,rocesses > is one of the most 
the order a ^ Ue !J S ? f . rocks ' Jt exhibits great variation in 
the order and mode of its occurrence. 
in al1 forma tions, is specially abundant 
n the older rocks Py„tes may be produced by treating rust 
no v in tZ SUlp ' U,r ’. b f no manufactory in the deposits 
non in course of formation is known to us which could produce 
