265 
In Science, the History of Animals is the History of Man. It 
would, I think, be an insuperably difficult task to frame a set 
of articles of belief, requiring a larger measure of unqualified 
credulity, than the scientific creed of modern Anthropology, 
or External Man. It runs thus : Spirit is an imaginary sub- 
stance created by priests. I believe in Law, but no Law- 
giver ; in the life-giving power of Force and Substance, 
Intelligence from Non-Intelligence, without conscious Author, 
and that Metaphysics and Theology deserve contempt. I 
believe in the natural cohesive magnetic formation of the 
Earth on which 1 dwell, and the origin of Man from Beast, 
as Efficient Cause of Permanent Human Types, the never- 
ending development of species, in animated nature generally, 
first by Spontaneous Generation, afterwards Natural Selec- 
tion — sheer material strength, and consequent destruction of 
the weak, the sole guiding Power, visible reality the only 
reality. I believe in the eternity of matter, which sets itself 
in motion, and governs all worlds, and I look for the oldest 
Homo Sapiens in pliocene, or miocene strata, and that his 
fossilized bones will be found, on examination, to be either an 
Ape more anthropoid, or a man more pithecoid, than any yet 
known, Neanderthal or Engis Cranium notwithstanding, the 
sure mortality of the Human Soul, which is but an attribute 
of Brain-Protoplasm, and the regular order of the whole Uni- 
verse, from the inherent harmony of Cosmic periodicity, 
arising from Molecular Machinery, diversity of origin , and 
diversity of hind , in Man, together with the evolution of all 
living beings, one from another, Naturally. Fundamental 
Inequality reigns, but no God, apart from Matter. 
2. Nature, in Man and Animals, like everything in us and 
about us, is a Chaos, witnout Method. The very word, in 
Greek, is itself suggestive of progressive transition from one 
step to another; it necessarily implies a principle of unity 
with progression. The Supreme Light of Living Knowledge, 
as Loleridge has well remarked, is conceivable only as C( the 
relation of Law,”~ absolutely perfect alone in God, who is 
zv ravTi and 7r po twv irdvrcov also. Professor Huxley, like Dr. 
Carl Vogt, sneers at the idea either of spirit, or vitality, yet is 
ready enough to admit the existence of a <( subtle influence 33 
even in the essential operations of Protoplasm considered as 
the Physical Basis of Life and Mind in animated Nature. Vital 
actions, however,, are peculiar to living beings, and cannot 
be imitated scientifically. Yet Nature, in Man and Animals, 
we are everywhere assured, both at home and abroad, is 
exclusively ” compounded of the ordinary chemical and 
physical forces of the Universe, the same in origin, progress, 
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