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foreign countries, and getting home. But that is not a very good example of 
animal wisdom. People used to offer up a sacrifice when they were saved 
from shipwreck, but Bacon says there is no record of those who got drowned. 
Dr. Haughton does not tell us of the dogs which did not get home. (Laughter.) 
I have even heard of an inferior animal to the cat doing a much more instinc- 
tive thing — they say rats will leave a ship when it becomes unsound. If 
the rats which live comfortably on board as long as the ship is serviceable, quit 
the vessel the moment they find it is getting rotten, surely it is a strong 
instance, I will not say of induction, but of instinct. I do not think there 
is much reason in the matter. Then with regard to the instances given by 
Mr. Row, I think one of his inductions was particularly faulty in the instance 
that occurred when he was on a continental tour, he did not give us a fair 
case of induction. As to the bad habits picked up by the animals in the 
Zoological Gardens, Mr. Row says they have all been taught to be beggars, 
but I do not think there is any evidence of moral deterioration or advance- 
ment in that. The animals are not better nor worse than when in a state of 
nature. But it may be asked, “ What is all this about ; what are you going 
to prove ? ” Mr. Morshead’s paper is very brief, and it is supplemen- 
tary to a previous one, which defined the contrast between the inferior 
animals and ourselves more fully. There is, however, a valuable point 
in the present paper, which gives us a sort of focus for our dis- 
cussion. I refer to the concluding words, quoted from Lord Brougham, 
and which must have been written twenty-five or thirty years ago. It 
is clear that Mr. Darwin’s and Professor Huxley’s theories as to natural 
selection, and so forth, were then • foreshadowed, with the idea that man 
may somehow or other have been got out of the monkey. The quota- 
tion shows what a very old kind of scepticism these gentlemen are rechauf- 
fiing and professing to be quite new. It is that old notion of Lord 
Monboddo’s, of monkeys losing their tails by sitting, and fowls becoming 
web-footed by going about on marshy ground. (Laughter.) But Mr. Darwin 
invents a new theory of natural selection to account for these very same 
theories, for which there is no foundation. When people cast about for reasons to 
support a theory, it is very plain that that theory is a preconceived idea. Mr, 
Darwin elaborates his theory, and makes many converts ; but when he finds 
that his theory is faulty, he is obliged to prop it up by the new theory of 
pangenesis. In point of fact, we get nothing but the most old-fashioned 
theism and infidelity of a former age furbished up and re-introduced as 
new. (Cheers.) 
Rev. J . J ames. — The case of the king mule mentioned by Mr. Row is 
borne out by a thousand instances of the kind. I have driven many horses, 
fast and slow, and sometimes the fastest horse in my team has moped and 
sulked and refused to go on when kept behind the carriage drawn by another, 
whereas if it was allowed to run alongside, it would go on all right. The 
other night the discussion led us to speak of the spirit, the soul, and the body ; 
and a most true and philosophical dogma was pointed out to have been 
enunciated by St. Paul, and to have been proved by the facts of our nature ; 
