33 
than two centuries at our rate of longevity, but at a higher rate it would 
give you a much longer period. At all events the Scriptures show that 
the human race had existed for more than 200 years in a stone age 
without the invention of metals ; but that does not prove that in the period 
between Adam and Tubal-cain there was nothing but savagery. There is no 
need to suppose that, because the Scriptures prove otherwise. The pastoral 
character of Abel, the keeper of sheep, is anything but a savage one. But it 
is most important that we should see how the Scriptures are reconcilable 
with the existence of a universal stone age. If Adam was formed materially 
and morally in the image of God, he may have fallen in both respects from 
that original image ; but he took with him from Eden a sufficient amount of 
that high intellect with which he had been created, to enable his descend- 
ants in seven generations to evolve material civilization, so that musical 
instruments and working in brass and iron could be produced. I conceive 
that savagery has arisen out of a condition of things in which races similar to 
those separated from the rest had lost the remnants of the intelligence which 
they possessed at the time of separation, and so gradually sank down into de- 
gradation. I do think that the clear line of demarcation which Mr. Reddie 
has drawn between the conditions of civilization, as a starting-point, is the 
very crux of the whole question ; we solve the difficulty in this way ; and we 
then have a lever to work with, and all the elements and conditions of success 
for the whole argument. I believe with Archbishop Whately that the races 
which have fallen into a state of savagery never recover themselves. They 
fall into that condition which in the human body is represented by weak- 
ness, or want of recuperative power, when it is only by applying external 
medicines that it can regain the strength it has lost ; so savage races need 
the external forces of superior races to be inoculated with their knowledge 
and wisdom ; and it is only in that way that they can recover. That accounts 
for the outriggers of the Andamans, and evidences the progress they have 
made ; not as Sir John Lubbock argues, from internal or self-evolved sources, 
but ab extra. I look upon this paper as a valuable contribution towards our 
proceedings, and I trust the discussion may henceforth be continued in a dif- 
ferent direction. I take much pleasure in the whole subject, for it is one of 
the highest importance in the present day, connected as it is, with the antiquity 
of the human race and with that important question of ethnology in which Sir 
J ohn Lubbock takes so deep an interest, and upon which he is now producing 
a new work. I trust that this paper will make us think more on the sub- 
ject, and enable us to come better armed than we now are whenever we may 
have to discuss this subject again. (Cheers.) 
Dr. E. Haughton. — I think our thanks are due to Mr. Reddie not only 
for the valuable nature of his paper, but also for the moral courage he has 
shown in attacking such an adversary as Sir John Lubbock. (Hear, hear.) 
I have satisfied myself that Sir John Lubbock is one of the most cautious 
writers of that school which the Victoria Institute is specially engaged in 
opposing. In his work on Primitive Man he does not commit himself to 
many things which can be laid hold of, but there is a very objectionable tone 
YOL. YI. D 
