13 
and alpaca, whilst of edible plants it possessed the potato and the quinoa. 
With the exception of Peru, pastoral life could not prevail in the New 
World, the want of which, as Humboldt has shown, exercised a decisive 
influence on the civilization of the inhabitants. The dog was much used 
as a beast of burden, and its influence on the mode of life of the natives 
was unimportant. Even the horse, which the Europeans introduced 
into the Northern and Southern Continent, has proved ineffectual in 
America as a means of civilization ; showing plainly that the effect pro- 
duced by the most important domestic animals depends on the mode of 
life and the degree of cultivation which the people had then already 
acquired. The buffalo chase without the horse must be more difficult and 
less productive, as the buffaloes are gregarious, and swiftness is more 
requisite than craft. Little apt for breeding in general, the American has 
not used the horse for such a purpose : he catches it according to his 
requirements, so that this animal merely contributed in inducing him to 
continue a hunting life.” * 
20. As a translation of Professor Waitz's valuable work on 
Anthropology was published in London in 1863, and Sir John 
Lubbock's essay was written in 1867, I cannot account for his 
ignoring such writing as this, and such an author, andchoosing 
a work of Dr. Whately's to which to reply. I have never seen 
Dr. Whately's book, and in all the discussions on this subject 
in which I have taken part from 1863, I never even heard 
Whately's name once mentioned till Sir John Lubbock ex- 
humed him for his antagonist. The study of anthropology can 
scarcely be said to have existed when Dr. Whately wrote, com- 
pared with what it has since become ; and I find from Sir John 
Lubbock's Paper that the late Archbishop's arguments only 
occur in some incidental chapters in a work on Political 
Economy 1 
21. Had Sir John been able to show that “ a single bone ot 
the horse " had been discovered in South America in strata of 
greater antiquity than its discovery by Columbus, he then 
might have upset the facts and arguments of the distinguished 
Marburg Professor of Philosophy. But he apparently admits 
that “ not a single bone has been found " ; although he tags on 
to this, the irrelevant and erroneous statement, preceded by 
the equally irrelevant “ as," that the “first horse of South 
America does not belong to the domestic race " ! 
22. Though it lengthens this paper, I must make allusion 
to one or two other of Sir John Lubbock's illustrations. He 
says : — 
“ Moreover, this argument applies to several other arts and instruments. 
I will mention only two, though several others might be brought forward. 
* Waitz : Introd. to Antlirop., pp. 337, 338. (London : Longmans, 1863. 
