10 
knows not how.” Only crass ignorance or rank superstition 
could ever entertain such a notion:— it is worthy only of the 
old idolaters of stocks and stones ! Reasoning and enlightened 
man has always known that all the phenomena of nature must 
have had an uncaused First Cause. To go back from that, is to 
take the first step downwards towards ignorant savagery. Bu 
when we perceive that there must have been a first creation of 
all things by an invisible and eternal Deity, then all these con- 
iectural difficulties vanish. Admit creation and Deity, however, 
and the “same things” cannot with any truth be said of t 
supposed first man and the first gorilla Low in the animal 
scale as the gorilla is, it still has-l.ke all other animals-what 
we call “ instinct,” by which it is enabled to live and supply its 
own wants. It is even “ perfect” m its way, and it does not 
lose its instinct, though it does not acquire any others or advance. 
Man is not in the least like this. And if he is supposed, for argu- 
ment’s sake, to have been created in a low and savage condi- 
tion, with little or no enlightenment or rational understanding 
—which is what the late Archbishop and President Smith weie 
arguing,— then, not having the instinct of an animal, if «ist 
out helpless and naked,” thus, “into the savage forest, he must 
doubtless have perished before he could have learned to supply 
his most immediate and urgent wants. But tor the sake of 
argument let us even suppose that man in such circumstances 
might have survived, and then consider, what are the facts or 
other grounds for supposing he could have elevated himself and 
emerged from such, an abject condition. ■ 
16 I now propose to state these facts and arguments as 
advanced by Sir John Lubbock. When his Paper was announced 
I made a point of being present in the Ethnological Society 
when it was read; and being then invited by 'the President 
Mr. Crawfurd, to speak, I felt obliged to tell the author tha 
was disappointed he had not attempted to answer my arguments ; 
and I then pledged myself to select his strongest points and 
replv to them in writing, and more fully than I could then do 
viva voce. I then observed, that in such a large question it was 
of no practical use for him or for me to go wandering over the 
whole history of the world, past and present, to gather a few 
doubtful facts here and there, that might serve to support onr 
own views, and to disregard all other facts that would tell m a 
different direction, or-as he had also done-to ignore all the 
strongest arguments he had heard advanced upon the other 
side. 
17. Sir John Lubbock says 
“ Firstly, I will endeavour to show that there are indications of progress 
even among savages ; 
