find the same powerful figure where it is said to ie pierce” 
even to the “ dividing asunder of soul and spirit " (Heb. iv. 12) 
if the soul and spirit were one in fact. 
16. Man's threefold nature was well and truly described by 
Luther when he compared it to the tabernacle which Moses 
made. The sanctum sanctorum within which God dwelt, with- 
out the natural light of the sun, may illustrate the spirit of 
man, in which God dwells in dim faith without sight. The 
sanctum with its candlestick, lamps, and pipes, may illustrate 
the. soul with its many avenues of light, the senses. And the 
atrium in the open sky and broad daylight, may illustrate the 
body, whose actions are open and manifest to all. 
17. But the relations which the spirit, soul, and body bear 
to each other are by far the most difficult parts of mv subject to 
adjust. It is here that the real difficulty begins. I think the 
language of the Hew Testament is plain and precise, but it 
gives us less. help when we come to consider man, not simply 
as having spirit, soul, and body, but as having parts which 
must of necessity bear a certain relation to each other. If 
they can be conceived, in the abstract, as separate entities, 
they must of. necessity stand also in some conceivable relation. 
What are spirit and soul ? And in what relation do they stand 
to each other and to the body ? 
.18. The spirit (Pneuma) comprises the directing, self-con- 
scious principle, the ego , that which constitues man's real 
personality. “ The flesh lusting against the spirit, and the 
spirit against the flesh," is the Pneuma in its renewed state, 
struggling with old habits of the body, become so powerful as 
to be almost a law unto themselves. Will and thought are 
modes. of spirit life. Hous is not, in the Hew Testament, as in 
uninspired writers, identical with Pneuma. In one of the 
creeds preserved by Epiphanius in his Ancorate, written a.d. 
373 {JEpiph. Ancorat., cc. 119, 120), the clause which speaks 
of our Lord coming down from heaven and taking flesh, marks 
the perfection of His human nature by adding k al (tu/llo. 
Kal vovv; but . in the Hew Testament, Hous is regarded rather 
as a modification of Pneuma than as identical with it; hence 
the mind, or nous, of the spirit." Hous is the principal cha- 
racteristic of Pneuma. In the Apocalypse, the unravelling of 
enigma is the work assigned to Hous. “ Here is wisdom, let 
him that hath nous, count the number of the beast." Again, 
“here. is the mind or nous that hath wisdom." Compare 
ev. xiii. 8, Pom. i. 20, with Heb. xi. 3. Pneuma, therefore, 
comprises not only will and self-consciousness, but discern- 
ment reason, and I may add also speech (logos) ; for spirit and 
speech have a natural connection as substance and shadow. 
