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Mr. Graham. — But it is more than breath that goes up to God. 
Mr. Bateman.— Yes, we know that, when it is meant of the glorified 
spirit, but I maintain that in this instance it is only breath that is 
meant, and therefore there is nothing to interfere with the scientific accuracy 
of cognate passages. While I dissent very much from the metaphysical 
deductions of Mr. English’s paper, I think it will eventually be found that 
he is right in this threefold distinction of body, soul, and spirit. Together 
they make up our present selves; but in the future state the spirit or 
Pneuma will exist, though I doubt whether the Psyche will, seeing that it 
is essentially related to our flesh and blood. But I believe that the more we 
examine into these things, the more perfectly and scientifically accurate shall 
we find the language respecting them in Scripture. (Cheers.) 
The Chairman. — I will not detain you very long, but I must say a word 
or two before this discussion closes. I do not quite agree with the paper 
before us, but I should like to make some defence for it on one or two points ; 
and whether we agree with it or not, we must admit that it has been written 
in a very inoffensive tone. I will not believe anything which I do not con- 
sider reasonable. We are told to give a reason for the hope that is in us, and 
we are rebuked for not exercising our reason and judging what is right, and 
I will never give up the notion that all true religion must be reasonable. As 
for the rationalists, as they are called, I can only say that they are not entitled 
to the name. In those very remarkable papers which Dr. Irons read last 
session on Human Responsibility, he referred to the Compteists, who consider 
themselves inductive philosophers ; but, as he pointed out, they do not make 
any induction of all the facts that relate to the Pneuma and the Psyche ; but 
I maintain that they will in the end, be bound to take notice of many things 
that are not now “ dreamed of in their philosophy.” (Cheers.) I think that 
Mr. Row s gallant attack on Mr. English was not altogether opportune. 
We must not take our own interpretation of words that an author may use, but 
we must take his interpretation of them; and according to Mr. English’s defini- 
tion of the Psyche, he meant nothing derogatory to women, but just adduced 
the point that women are more religious than men, because they have less 
Pneuma, which leads to intellectual effort. Everybody admits the fact that 
there is a great difference between women under the Christian dispensation 
and under the old dispensation and among the heathen ; and without going 
into Roman Catholic views about the blessing of redemption having come to 
us immediately through the Blessed Virgin Mary, who had faith in God’s 
promise, and was chosen to be the vehicle for the coming of our Blessed 
Lord, we may think that if Adam blamed Eve for the fall, we had the re- 
demption brought to us by Mary — the one was as blameworthy as the other 
was praiseworthy. But these sexual recriminations are altogether unworthy. 
As to the animals, Mr. English’s reply to Mr. Titcomb would be that those 
animals have intelligence as well as affections ; for he implied that they had 
a conscience, an intelligence, and an intellect. At least it must be admitted 
(he would say) that they have Pneuma as well as Psyche ; but that does not, 
therefore, put them on a level with man. Although Mr. English speaks of 
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