310 
which he possibly has not referred, in wliich intelligence, and 
even higher faculties, are said to have been exhibited in the 
desert by both beasts and birds ; and we might do this 
without exactly regarding the lower creatures as “ blood 
relations” We need scarcely add that there is no pretended 
case of this lower instinct taking a permanently higher step. 
Being ourselves, by constitution perhaps, obstinately rational, 
we have absolutely nothing more to say to Mr. Darwin's stories 
than that we are pleased to have them, and to reply once more 
to his conclusions, that they lack premisses. 
A great deal of confusion has no doubt arisen m this 
branch of Mr. Darwin's work by the vague and 
a confusion purposeless distinction set up in the popular con- 
of these terms. ^ instinct and reason; as though there could 
possibly be a line drawn, assigning the one entirely to the 
lower, and the other to human creatures. No doubt termi- 
nology is a great boon to many, as it provides counteis which 
pass current as thought. But no observer of nature will 
attempt by mere verbal distinctions of this kind, to deny in the 
higher species certain lower forms of life combined with their 
own, though they be variously distributed in the inferior ranks, 
and some of them the exclusive possession of an individual, or 
a class of being. "Whatever u instincts " may be, their Origin 
has not been detected, nor their limits defined. 
As to the Origination, or even the first development of mental 
power, it is the admission of all, that naturalists 
mind^nd coS- can give no account (vol. i. p. 36). Even the more 
covered by *1 advanced assertion of Mr . Darwin, that some complex 
turaiists. instincts have arisen from natural selection among 
simpler instincts, is qualified by the truthful admission that- 
they have arisen from some unknown cause (vol. ii. p. 38), 
and “ independently of intelligence" (that is, we suppose, ot 
their own intelligence) . But, apparently, nothing whatever is 
gained by such distinctions of gifts among classes, towards a 
solution of the one great problem. The information is ot 
interest to the observer of nature ; and so also are all facts ot 
a more than “visible character" accumulated in the creatures 
around us, and which ought not to be grudgingly recorded. 
It is important, surely, on many accounts, to treasure up 
illustrations of the powers of memory, attention, curiosity, and 
thought, in horses, dogs, and other creatures, as well as anger, 
love, fear, and other emotions (all as really “ facts " as their 
eyesight and hearing). Perhaps the nearest point of approac 
to human intelligence in its lowest condition would be tire 
faculty of imitation. Yet this, no less than other faculties, would 
show that mental and moral characteristics are so limited as 
