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and conquered the aboriginal races, they introduced much of their own 
cultus, but they also adopted Egyptian forms, the result being a very great 
change indeed ; and it is possible that the Ramesidse may have introduced an 
Indian mythology with them, or, at all events, have explained Turanian myths 
by Semitic theories. 
Mr. Row. — Was the Egyptian theology a personification of the powers of 
nature ? 
Mr. Cooper. — No ; but that the theurgia of a Supreme Being manifested 
in the powers of nature. 
Mr. Row. — But was it not simply a personification of the powers of nature ? 
Mr. Cooper. — By no means. [Mr. Cooper here drew upon the black board 
representations of the head of an ancient Egyptian, and of the head of one of 
the men of the Rameside period, to show the degeneration in the physiological 
character of the races. He then proceeded to say :] It was an Indo-Germanic 
race that conquered Egypt in the time of the Rameses, and made great 
improvements. All the remains of Egypt, except the pyramids and one or 
two imperfect tombs, belong to that race. There was also another conquering 
race of a different or Arabian type, whose influence again modified the 
Egyptian cultus, but it has left very few evidences. They seem to have 
possessed no literature, and no evidence of their sway remained except the 
extreme hatred that every Egyptian bore to the shepherd or Hykshos 
rulers. 
Rev. T. M. Gorman. — I should like to ask one question which seems 
to have an important bearing on the rationale of this curious and difficult 
subject. In the paper just read reference has been made to the idea of a 
spiritual Supreme Being as known to the most ancient Egyptians. Can 
Egyptologers throw any light on the origin of this idea ? It would be a 
point of great interest to show that the idea was derived, not from the fancy, 
or even the reason of this originally grave and thoughtful people, but from 
the primeval Revelation. It appears to me that the real and lasting value of 
researches such as these depends materially upon the solution of questions 
like that here proposed, If carefully and patiently worked out, considerable 
light might be thrown on the true character and purport of Egyptian symbol- 
ism, a subject full of interest for the Christian student of ancient lore. As 
an illustration of what is meant, may be mentioned the adoption of the 
serpent, by the Egyptians, for an emblem of evil, as opening up one of the 
most difficult questions in theology. The study of this and kindred subjects 
brings before us a fact which deserves our best consideration in these days ; 
namely, the power and depth of the thinking faculty as evinced by the 
nations of the Old World in the records that have been preserved of their 
national life. Upwards of twenty centuries ago the Egyptians had fallen 
away from their pristine enlightenment. Their state is described in the 
inspired words of the Hebrew prophet : — “ The princes of Zoan are fools, 
the counsel of the wise counsellors of Pharaoh is become brutish.” It 
was not so in the old time. We learn on the same authority that Egypt 
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