11 
blows on the edge of the transverse fracture : these flakes are very perfect, 
with a uniformity of size and shape adapted to the purpose for which they 
are designed ; they are generally about 3| inches long, the core being of the 
same length. 
It is obvious to an observer that this uniformity of size and perfection ot 
form is the result of intention and design, and is produced with the greatest 
ease and certainty. But when we contrast these hand-made products with 
the subsoil flakes and cores, we find in both these evidences of design want- 
ing. The cores, in particular, are in some instances so minute as to be 
perfectly useless in producing any implement which could be of use to 
man ; so minute that they could not have been held in the hand or even 
between the fingers in order to strike off a flake, as the fingers must have 
been bruised by the blow rather than the flint ; but this difficulty is met 
by the assumption, without a tittle of evidence, “that some kind of punch 
must have been used, instead of the blows being administered directly by a 
hammer,” and it is added, “ we have no conclusive evidence for what purpose 
such minute flakes were used.” ( Evans on the Stone Age, p. 249.) 
On the chalk-hills of Yorkshire these small cores abound, and in India, 
near Jubbulpore, they are found in still greater abundance ; none of these 
Indian cores exceed two inches in length, more commonly they are from an 
inch to an inch and a quarter long, and some are not more than half an inch 
in length. ( Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, vol. in., n.s., p. 41.) 
On one of these cores, not larger than an acorn, being half an inch in dia- 
meter and three-quarters of an inch in length, are not less than fourteen 
facets — thus the average size of the flakes struck off would be less than half 
an inch in length, and about one-tenth of an inch in width ; and even from 
these small cores smaller flakes must have been produced, as the facets 
occasionally cross each other, and in some cases at right angles. Is it 
rational to infer that such minute implements could have been used by man, 
and that they were in fact so valuable as to have been made with the 
greatest care and skill with the aid of a punch % On the other hand, the 
cores found at Pressigny are from nine to twelve inches long, and so nume- 
rous that they may be gathered by cart-loads. Through the courtesy of 
Dr. Levielle, of Grand Pressigny, I was shown the shelves of several rooms 
in his house loaded with such cores, and side by side they bordered the 
numerous walks of his garden for distances which I could not spare time td 
inspect. 
The subsoil cores are also rude and rugged in the extreme, &nd the facets 
are of all sizes, and running in all directions ; in these respects they further 
differ from those made by the hand of man at Brandon, and the evidence of 
intention and design is wanting. 
But it has been contended that each facet must have been the result of a 
separate blow ; this is not necessarily the case, for I have cores with from 
three to five facets on each, formed by one unintellectual blow from Blake s 
stone-breaker. I discovered near Beachy Head, ten feet deep in drift 
gravel, and resting immediately on the chalk, a large flint broken in situ, 
