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existed, but that we do not exist any longer? Would it not be 
more reasonable to abandon all idea of a future than toil and 
sweat to forge upon the anvil of the brain such a theory as 
that? We may be sure that it is not on such a theory that 
men have stood who have uttered the words and performed 
the deeds that have beautified humanity and made it pro- 
sperous. The circle of civilization will neither be wide nor 
bright that moves from a centre like that. But it shows how 
instinctively the mind demands a future. 
29. When J . S. Mill speaks of “ memories and expectations/* 
he gives us the result of a severe controversy, in which the 
keenest analyses have not been able to destroy the truth. But 
what is it that to-day has the “ memories/* and that hopes to 
realize to-morrow the “ expectations ** ? It is a “ thread of con- 
sciousness.** The words provoke a smile, but let them pass. 
What concerns us here is the fact that something has “ memories 
and expectations.** Mr. Mill may call that something “the 
permanent possibility of feeling/* or “ the final inexplicability/* 
or a “ thread of consciousness.** We shall not cast about for 
a name, though the old, in this case, is better than the new. 
It is enough that there is a conscious something that knows 
itself as having “memories and expectations.** It points to 
an existence that is not to be the destruction of personal con- 
sciousness. 
30. Now, is not moral failure one of the most prominent 
and repulsive of those “memories**? Consciousness compre- 
hends nothing more true than the fact that evil has been done, 
and that moral judgment has been pronounced. What, then, 
are the expectations that burst from the black breasts of these 
memories** ? Unless reason, through religion, has something 
to say to man on the matter, mental and moral science have 
led us to the margin of a cruel grave, in which, if not existence, 
at least the joy of existence, must be buried for ever. But it 
is just here that religion lights its lamp, that religion flings its 
arch of light across the gulf philosophy and science cannot span. 
It is here we see the worth of that life and immortality brought 
to light through the Gospel. It is here we see how human 
expectations may be gilded as with glory, for it is here we find 
i ehgion becoming remedial and bringing divine relief to man. 
The divine reason provides what the human reason approves 
and accepts. 
ol. But Mr. Maudsley will object that “consciousness can 
never be a valid witness/* even in the matter, we suppose, of 
evil done, or of memories and expectations. Well, but what 
can ? Where can we find any valid testimony if we refuse that 
of consciousness ? TIas Mr. Maudsley no “ memories,** no “ex- 
