340 
one of the most frequent emblems in the temple and tomb 
sculptures of Egypt (figs. 35 twelve examples); ^ 
India (fig. 26) ; is represented on coins of Phocis, encircled in a 
laurel crown (fig. 27), with, on the obverse, a trinity of bull 
heat united atfthe mouths; is one of the most requent as weU 
as of the most carefully constructed designs of the American 
mound-builders (figs. 28 , 38 , 38 ) ; is .^ au f tl “!l “cruz^T the 
rarved in the building, named from this fact La Lruz, in ti e 
ruined city of Palenque, in Mexico, which bears evidence of an- 
tiquity long prior to the Aztec supremacy ; is known under the 
form of the" fetter tan (T) as a mark or brand -Pposed ^o hav 
been used in pastoral ages to distinguish different flocks , is un 
that form i.e. a three-membered cross, the actual mark directed 
in Ezekiel to be placed on the foreheads of those who are to be 
exempted from slaughter ;* has been used as a mark P lace ^ 
those accused of crime but acquitted ;t was a celebrated [emblem 
of the Phoenicians, and is found on their corns-, is to. seen m 
the Assyrian sculptures round the necks of rag ( »• ’ , • , 
was the' peculiar feature in the Tyrian worship, to degrade which 
Alexander ordered a multitudinous execution by crucifixion; 
whUe probably the most vast lithic representation of this 
emWem is to be found in the British isles, as ^trioutby 
me in a paper already referred to as forming part of the in- 
augural lecture in Sir Peter Coats’s Museum at Paisley ; namely, 
Kl“s at Callernish (figs. 30 30 «, 30^^ 
of stones arranged in that shape. We have, then, this emblem 
also as a marked religious symbol in the four great continents. 
The red hand, moreover, is a most curious embkm of wide - 
spread existence, and is still to be found alike in Central 
A “ln Aetse ofEmtsslld wanderer, who will be easily 
JLlzJ there are two things which would be his distinct 
accompaniments, viz., a mark upon the forehead ^ exempt i him 
from slaughter, and the recognition of the reel hand , an 
find these two features, not as marks of disgrace but as nust 
honoured emblems, in all countries where the su * an ^, the „!® 
pent have been worshipped, the tau, the mark, and the cross 
! It U aotears to me also that the habit of marking the caste of a person on 
could identify the status of the natives by this mark of caste. 
1 The red hand is familiarized in our own country by in ^ 
Brand, and by Shakespeare in Lady Macbeth the idea being that the 
of the murderer could not be cleansed from blood. 
