64 
Shepherds after the name of Nubti, whom he terms the 
Patriarch of the Shepherd Dynasty, and the same as the Beon 
of Manetho, whose name has been discovered on an Egyptian 
monument. Mariette Bey dissents from M. Vincent’s inter- 
pretation of the Nubti era, but concludes that “we must 
reckon 400 years from some unknown year of Raineses the 
Great to an unknown year of the Shepherd King Nubti and 
nothing more.”* * * § 
45. Between the time of Joseph’s viceroyalty and the reign 
of Rameses the Great, i.e. during some year in the Nubti 
era, occurred that important event in the history of both Israel 
and Egypt, the overthrow of the Shepherd Dynasty, the rise of 
the king which knew not Joseph, and the commencement of 
the bondage of the children of Israel, from which they w'ere 
released at the time of the Exode. I have endeavoured to show 
that the rise of this “ new king ” took place B.C. 1706, according 
to the concurrent testimony of Egyptian, Tyrian, and other 
secular chronologies, in agreement with that which we obtain 
from Scripture; and I think this a very strong argument in 
favour of those who contend that the Exodus took place during 
the time of one of the kings of the eighteenth Dynasty. f 
46. I propose now to offer some more synchronisms between 
the histories of Israel and Egypt in order to confirm the truth 
of the Scripture chronology. It is much disputed as to the 
name of the Pharaoh in whose time the Exodus took place. 
Julius Africanus, in his transmission ofManetho, names Amosis, 
the first king of the eighteenth Dynasty, as the Pharaoh of the 
Exode. Canon Cook names Thothmes II.; Sir Gardner 
Wilkinson, Thothmes III. ; others have considered the weight 
of evidence leans to Thothmes IV. ; upon the grounds chiefly 
that his reign was a short and turbulent one, and that no trace 
lias been found of his tomb in the royal burial-place of his 
Dynasty ; though that of his successor, Amenophis III., is still 
to be seen in a valley adjoining the cemetery of the other kings.J 
Now, this may be explained either by the fact that he was 
drowned in the Red Sea along with the rest of his army, or, as 
Eusebius in the “Armenian Chronicle ”§ describes him as the 
Pharaoh, under the Greek name of Damns, who was expelled 
from Egypt in the fifth year of his reign by his brother; and 
* Revue Archeol., 18G5, p. 16!). 
f For the arguments on both sides of this question, see Canon Cook’s 
valuable Excursus in vol. i. of “ the Speaker’s Commentary.” 
+ Wilkinson’s Thebes, pp. 122, 123. 
§ Euseh. Chron. Canon, Liber Prior, cap. xx. 
