258 
50. A very curious fact has been stated by the traveller Pallas ; 
it is that an ancient people worked the mines of metal in the 
Mountain of Serpents, near Krassogarsk, on the borders of the river 
Jenisei (56° N,), having left on the place the instruments of which 
theg made use } such as wedges, mattocks, mallets, and hammers. 
The hammers were made of a very hard stone, of which a part was 
cut out in the form of a handle. The other instruments were of 
copper, and not of iron. They also found on the same point, and 
in the mountains of Irtisch, knives, poniards, points of arrows, 
&c., in copper, and ornaments in copper and in gold. Pallas cites 
also figures of animals molten in copper, and principally elks, rein- 
deer, and stags, and other animals which icere unknown. The 
material was fine copper or bell-metal. 
51. The disappearance of these metal-workers is as remarkable 
as any part of their history. The ancient remains represented by 
Mr. Atkinson as existing in Siberia, exactly reproduce the 
tumuli* and altars, — the dolmens T and menhirs J of Brittany, 
the last very much the counterpart of one at Lokmariaker. One 
of these blocks would have made a tower large enough for a 
church, its height being 76 feet above the ground, and it 
measured 24 feet on one side and 19 feet on the other. Mr. 
Atkinson says, — “ As I approached this spot I was almost induced 
to believe that the works of the giants were before me.” This 
is the same sort of impression given by the structures of Morbihan. 
Of course, there is really no logical connection between large build- 
ings and large men. The two may nevertheless be in this instance 
related, for it is noteworthy that trilithons like those of Stonehenge 
exist (as well as dolmens) in Gilead, the country of the Amorites, 
and in Bashan, the country of Og,§ whose large stature is com- 
memorated in the Bible. The builders of these had probably 
atfinity with the Libyans, as shown in their mode of burial, and 
were in all likelihood the Eephaims or other aboriginal tribes 
smitten by Chedorlaomer. Raphia was a progenitor of giants 
(2 Sam. xxi. 18). They might resemble the old Goths. The 
Anakim were named from their lofty stature. The giants (Ne- 
phelim) before the Flood have quite another history. 
52. The very same taste for monolithic structures and rows of 
pillars, to us without meaning, seems also to have prevailed in 
America, || together with the fondness for vast mounds of which wo 
cannot conceive the utility. If we could certainly discover the 
* Travels in the Region of the Upper and Lower Amoor, pp. 179, 151. 
t Pp. 370, 157. X P.120. See Plate. 
§ Rude Stone Monuments, Fergusson, p. 442. 
j| Sec for example D’Orbigny’s Travels, Atlas hist. Antiquites, No. 4, 
Fig. 0. 
