261 
should not yield her strength unto him, and that he should be a 
fugitive and vagabond* * * § on the earth. And Cain went forth from 
the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod,f on the 
east of Eden. The name of the land was thus evidently derived 
from the character impressed on the unhappy fugitive. It is 
traditionally the great desert of Gobi, and the city of Khotan J on 
its borders, glories in the idea that it is the very city which Cain 
built and called after the name of his son Enoch. It is at all 
events to the east of Eden, and a more suited locality could 
not have been easily imagined. The district produces copper and 
iron, and abounds in the remains of a lost race.§ It is evident that 
the course of the pursuits of Cain must have been suddenly and 
violently changed, and the whole bent and purpose of the cultivator, 
thus turned away from his husbandry, was directed towards material 
civilization and city-building ; and the Bible follows for a few 
short sentences the efforts of the Cainites. || The first city was 
certainly a remarkable conception, and the realization of the idea 
in the brief stone age recorded in Scripture, must have involved 
great difficulty and much persevering skill, for it is not till the 
fifth generation that his descendant Tubal Cain, — “ Tubal the 
smith," becomes, according to our translation, “ the instructor of 
every artificer in brass and iron/’ De Sola renders it “who 
sharpened various tools in copper and iron.” The family became 
remarkable in various ways. Yabal was the father of the nomadic 
people; and Yubal the father of all such as handle the harp and 
organ. The sister of Tubal the smith was Naamah the pleasant** 
or delightful one — the first inventress of plaintive music and song. 
The first poetry recorded is the addressft of Lamech to his wives — 
a song of triumph perhaps at the thought of the seventy and seven- 
fold vengeance which the instruments forged by his son might exact. 
55. But what has all this to do with the special purpose of the 
* “131 111 t "111, see App. G and H. 
X “ This city, whose traditions, preserved in the native chronicles, were 
known to the Chinese historians, boast of an antiquity ascending higher 
than that of any other city of the interior of Asia. By its own traditiosn 
its foundation was associated with an ancient chthoniangod with a sombre 
physiognomy, a master of subterranean tires and of metallic treasures , and 
whom the Mahometans have not failed to identify w r ith Cain. The Baron 
d’Echstein has shown that Khotan was the centre of a metal lurgic com- 
merce, which may be regarded as one of the most ancient in the world.” — 
Lenormant, Les prem. Civ., vol. i. p. 84. 
§ Johnston’s Gen. Gazetteer , sub voce. || See Lenormant. 
’ % Following the points in the Hebrew (after Raslii). 
Comp, in Welsh gwen, a beauty; gweno, the evening star ; gioener, 
Friday, day of Yenus. 
ft See Smith’s Bio. Die., sub voce Linus. 
