204 
Lemnos, and excites the ridicule of the immortals ; or the Mimir 
of the Scandinavians ; we see always the same consecrated type 
which is that of the Kobbold, of the Gnomes, and other analogous 
beings in popular mythologies, and which seems to be a caricature 
of the races who first worked in metals. One is almost tempted 
to think of the mark set upon Cain. At all events, the souvenir 
of this first civilization does not recall pleasant associations, nor 
lead us to suppose any superiority amongst those who addicted 
themselves to these civilizing arts. Thus the Telchines ,* some- 
times described as marine beings without feet, were workers in 
brass and iron, and made the sickle of Cronos and the trident of 
Poseidon. Their very eyes and aspect are said to have been 
destructive. M. Fougue made the important discovery at Santorin, 
in the Greek Archipelago, of “a true Pompeii of the age of stone,” 
buried under the layers of ashes thrown out by the ancient central 
volcano of that island, which has never been in eruption since the 
first historical traditions of Greece. Whole villages w r ere buried 
under these accumulated strata. They belonged to a social state 
exactly parallel to that of the “ Lake-dwellers ” of Switzerland. In 
one of the dwellings there was found a saw of pure copper. By the 
side of rough articles of earthenware there were discovered a great 
number of vases of fine composition, and of very elegant forms, 
with painted ornaments, which showed a resemblance with those 
of Phoenicia and of Moab, and were evidently brought from beyond 
sea, indicating an early commerce then existing. The lowest stratum 
examined by Dr. Schliemann on the site of Troy probably contained 
remains of the same age. 
GO. M. d’Eckstein-f has specially studied this subject of the races 
with a magical worship who adored the gods of metallurgy ; and of 
the corporations which directed their works, and figured in a doubtful 
character as “ inventors, instructors, magicians, benefactors, and 
malefactors,” at the same time the instructors of Aryan races, and 
yet viewed by them with aversion. Although directing the works 
of human industry, these did not adore a personal and free God ; 
they did not regard with worship the god of the fathers of these 
races. Their supreme divinity was altogether impersonal, being 
identified with plastic and primordial nature, — nature in which it 
was embodied whilst working its metamorphoses as the soul of the 
world. 
61. This early civilization, with all the marks of Cain about it, 
reappears among the inhabitants of early Babylonia, and the Tubal 
of Genesis x. becomes in the nation of the Tibarenes the great 
metal-worker of the new world. The limits of the present paper 
* Smith’s Die., sub voce. 
t Lenorniant, pp. 139, 155. 
