VALLEY OP THE QUANGO. 
227 
giving it a serrated appearance. Botb the top and side* 
of tho sierra are covered with trees; but large patches 
of the more perpendicular parts are bare, and exhibit the 
fed soil which is general over the region wo have now 
entered. 
The hollow affords a section of this part of tho country; 
»nd we find that the uppermost stratum is the ferruginous 
conglomerate already mentioned. The matrix is rust of 
lron , (or hydrous peroxide of iron and hematito,) and in it 
are embedded water- worn pebbles of sandstone and quartz. 
As thisis the rock underlying the soil of a large part of Londa, 
‘ts formation must have preceded tho work of denudation by 
an arm of the sea which washed away the enormous mass 
of matter required before the valley of Cassange could as- 
sume its present form. The strata under the conglomerate 
arc all of red clay shale of different degrees of hardness, 
the most indurated being at the bottom. This red clay 
shale is named “ kcolc” in Scotland, and has always been 
considered as an indication of gold; but the only thing we 
discovered was that it had given rise to a very slippery 
clay soil, so different from that which wo had just left that 
Mashauana, who always prided himself on being an adept 
balancing himself in the canoe on water, and so sure of 
foot on land that ho could afford to express contempt for 
an T 0110 less gifted, came down in a very sudden and un- 
dignified manner, to tho delight of all whom he had pre- 
viously scolded for falling. 
Sunday, April 2. — We rested beside a small stream, and 
°ur hunger being now very severe, from having lived on 
uianioc alone since leaving Ionga Panza’s, we slaughtered 
°ue of our four remaining oxen. Wo could get neither 
•ucal nor manioc, but should have been comfortable had not 
^ « Bashinje eh.ef Sansawe pesterod us for the customary 
present. The native traders informed us that a display of 
or^e was often necessary before they could pass this man. 
Sansawe, tho chief of a portion of the Bashinje, having 
8 " m ^e usual formal demand for a man, an ox, oj a luak, 
