262 
RUINS OF IRON-FOUNDRY. 
Josuits also introduced many other trees for tho sake of 
their timber alone. Numbers of these havo spread over 
tho country; somo have probablj' digd out and others failed 
to spread, like a lonely specimen that stands in what was 
tho Botanic Garden of Loanda, and, though most useful 
in yielding a substitute for frankincense, is the only on* 
of tho kind in AfHea. 
Accompanied by tho commandant of Cazengo, who was 
well acquainted with this part of tho country, I pro- 
ceeded in a canoe down tho river Lucalla to Massangano. 
This river is about eighty-five yards wide, and navigablo for 
canoes from its confluence with tho Coanza to about six 
miles above the point where it receives tho Luinha. Near 
this latter point stand tho strong, massivo ruins of an iron- 
foundry orected in tho times (1768) and by tho order of tho 
famous Marquis of Pombal. Tho whole of the buildings 
were constructed of stone cemented with oil and lime. Tho 
dam for water-power was made of tho samo materials, and 
twenty-seven feet high. This had been broken through by 
a flood, and solid blocks, many yards in length, wore carried 
down tho stream, affording an instructive example of the 
transporting-power of water. There was nothing in the 
appearance of tho place to indicate unhoalthiness ; but 
eight Spanish and Swedish workmen, being brought hither 
for tho purpose of instructing tho natives in tho art of 
smolting iron, soon foil victims to disease and “ irregulari- 
ties.” The effort of tho marquis to improvo tho modo of 
manufacturing iron was thus rendered abortive. Labor 
and subsistence are, howovor, so veiy cheap that almost 
any amount of work can bo executed at a cost that renders 
expensive establishments unnecessary. 
A party of nativo miners and smiths aro still lcopt in tho 
employment of the Government, who, working tho rich, 
black, magnetic iron-ore, produco for the Government from 
480 to 500 bars of good mallcablo iron every month. They 
aro supported by the appropriation of a few thousands of a 
small fresh- water fish, called “Cacusu,” a portion of tho tax 
