THE LABOR QUESTION IN AFRICA. 
467 
ought to be paid for, and they were zealous in advocating 
this method. Nearly all these natives had learned to re- 
peat the Lord’s Prayer and the Apostles’ Creed in their 
own language, and were very proud of this accomplishment. 
Flagrant disobedience to the chief’s orders is punished with 
death, but Sekeletu rarely interfered with a native’s right 
to choose his bead man, and if these are tyrannical, whole 
villages often desert them. 
The ancient costume of the Makololo consisted of the 
skin of a lamb, or other animal, worn around the loins; 
and in cold weather a mantle of skin over the shoulders. 
The young men now wear a jacket, and a skin round the 
hips, but no trowsers, waistcoat, or shirt. The lake and 
river tribes are generally quite cleanly, bathing several 
times a day. The women use water sparingly, rubbing 
themselves with butter instead ; this keeps off insects, but 
does not improve the flavor of their clothes. The chief 
and his head men were very anxious to have English people 
settle on the Batoka highlands, and proposed to select a 
plaoe for them. As slave stealing is the gigantic evil with 
the tribes near the coast, so with these inland pastoral 
tribes cattle stealing, which they call lifting, is the great 
evil. They justify it, if the chief has given permission for 
one of these marauding trips. 
On the 17th of September, 1870, the party left Seslieke, 
accompanied by a band, and two young Makololo, with 
their Batoka servants. On the night of the 17th they slept 
on the left bank of the Majeele. 
Dr. Livingstone now had an opportunity of seeing more 
of the Batoka than he had on the highland route to the 
north. They put the pot on the fire, without waiting until 
evening before offering food to the strangers. Both men 
and women were distinguished by a greater rounduess of 
features than other natives, and their custom of knocking 
°ut the front upper teeth. 
The Batoka are a polite people in their way, though they 
express it curiously. The ordinary way of salutation is 
