RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAINOZOIC SYSTEM. 
slight elevation, about 10 feet, at 40 chains east of Clifton, when 
the Muddy Creek suddenly turns north-east for 25 chains and as 
suddenly turns back to the south-east, indicating a small downthrow 
at this point, which brings the Kalimnan beds almost to creek 
level. 
From the above observations it is clear that the polyzoal rock 
of the Grange Burn directly succeeds the typical Balcombian of the 
“ Lower beds, Muddy Creek.” It is further proved by the occurrence 
of Linthia mooraboolensis and Lepidocyclina tour none) % in that lime- 
stone, that this polyzoal rock is the precise equivalent of theBatesford 
limestone. On a previous visit to this locality I had failed to find 
the tests of Lepidocyclina, although that genus, represented by L. 
martini occurs in the older Balcombian beds at Clifton ; but on the 
last occasion was delighted to find that a large portion of the bluff 
(60 feet) opposite Henty’s was composed of a Lepidocyclina rock 
containing species identical with those occurring at Batesford. 
At the top of the bluff west of Henty’s the beds are somewhat inac- 
cessible, but at one spot, where I was accompanied by Mr. C. J. 
Gabriel, we found the rock passing into a concretionary bed with 
Kalimnan oysters and other shells (0. manubriata and Natica cunning- 
hamensis). This upper bed was 15 feet thick, so that the total 
height of the cliff from the bed of the Grange Burn is 75 feet ; whilst 
exactly opposite, the top of the Kalimnan from the creek is only 
about 45 feet. At about 30 chains up stream the same Kalimnan 
beds are only a foot or so above the bed of the creek. As to tlie 
succession of the beds above the polyzoal rock, the data are very 
clear along the Grange Burn, for at Pat’s Gully* the top of the poly- 
zoal rock is concreted by the leaching out of the phosphoric acid 
from the bones and coprolites of the nodules immediately overlying 
it. The nodule bed, I was at one time inclined to think, represented 
a remanie deposit of the Janjukian series, but my recent visit 
convinces me that it is the basal bed of the Kalimnan. It consists, 
as before stated, of cetacean and turtle bones, fish teeth, &c., and lies 
embedded in a stiff brown clay. The rolled portion of the deposit is 
probably derived from the underlying Janjukian, since I discovered 
in a similar bed on the Muddy Creek a scutum of Lepas pritchardi, 
a fossil only found, hitherto, at Waurn Ponds and Torquay in 
undoubted Janjukian strata. The brown clay of the nodule bed 
usually contains typical Kalimnan fossils, thus proving the age 
of the deposit, and making it without doubt a conglomeratic basal 
bed. 
The most complete evidence of the succession of all our Cainozoic 
series in one locality is therefore to be gathered from the Grange 
Burn exposures. Let us, however, examine the data afforded on 
the other side of the Clifton Bank anticline. At about 35 chains 
* Named after Mr. Pat. String, a local resident. 
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