RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAINOZOIC SYSTEM. 
both of which must be referred to the Janjuldan. For instance, the 
numerous AmpJiisleginae* present in the Flinders rock make it 
comparable to the Filter Quarry stone at Batesford ; whilst the 
occurrence of an abundance of calsisponges shows its time-relation- 
ship with Curlewis and the Moorabool section at “Griffin’s.” At 
Curlewis I have lately obtained numerous examples of Tretocalia 
pezica, which were only recorded previously from Flinders. Other 
Janjukian (restricted or post-Balcombian) fossils found at Flinders 
are — Araehnoides ( Monostychia ) australis, Cidaris ( Leiocidaris ) 
australiae , Pecten gambierensis, and P. subbifrons. 
Besides affording positive evidence for a Janjukian age, it is 
interesting to note that this limestone rests on the older basalt 
(Fig. 6), as does the fossiliferous ironstone of the Flemington railway 
cutting and many other Miocene (Janjukian) occurrences. Whilst 
far from assuming that the older basalt so-called represents an 
effusion of one definite period, it is always so closely associated 
with those beds, which are proving themselves to be merely different 
lithological phases of the great Janjukian and Mount Gam bier 
series, that we are forced to the conclusion that during this period 
of maximum sedimentary deposition on the southern Australian 
coast, an intermittent series of flows were poured out of a generally 
dense, magmatic basalt, which in some measure represents the 
relieving outbursts consequent upon the extraordinary strain that 
was exerted at that period on the continental shelf. 
The Flinders limestone, by the abundance of its foraminifera, 
polyzoa, and calcisponges, indicates a fairly deep water and 
tranquil condition, with little or no solution of the ferruginous 
constituents of the volcanic sea-bed. At Flemington we have 
the opposite conditions, of a shore-line with littoral shells, as 
Haliotis and Patella, and much alteration of the original shell- 
conglomerate, resulting, by its absorption of iron probably both 
from above and below, in a highly ferruginous rock. 
An extremely interesting discovery was lately made by Mr. 
R. A. Keble, of the Mines Department, of a small patch of polyzoal 
rock resting on older basalt at the back of Cape Sckanck. The 
position of this rock is about 1 mile north-west of the junction of the 
14328— c 
* Referred in error to Nummulites variolariu by Mr. Kitson. 
r 33 1 
