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XI. Additional Observations on the Method of making Ice at 
Benares. In a Letter to William Marsden, Esq. F. R. S. 
from John Lloyd Williams, Esq. of Benares. 
Read May 2, 1793. 
DEAR SIR, 
In addition to what I have already communicated to you, 
respecting the mode of procuring ice in this country, the 
following observations on that subject, accompanied with 
some account of the temperature of the air, and state of the 
thermometer, may not be unacceptable. 
April 30th, 1792, the thermometer, in the shade, being at 
95 degrees, some water was taken up from a well, sixty feet 
deep, and the thermometer being immerged in it, its tem- 
perature was found to be 74, degrees. This water was then 
poured into four pots, or pans, similar to those which, in my 
former letter, I mentioned as being employed in the process 
for making ice. They were also similar to each other in size 
and construction, except that two of them were new and un- 
glazed, and the two others old, with their pores closed, so that 
no moisture could transpire through them. These pots were 
then exposed to a hot westerly wind, in the shade, for the 
space of three hours ; viz. from two o'clock in the afternoon 
till five. Upon examining them at that time, the water in 
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MDCCXCIII. 
