on some ancient metallic Arms and Utensils. 405 
The celts when lacerated exhibited shining facets, and striae 
or radii. The cut surface, and also the grain of the celt. No. 3. 
was much paler than the cut surface and grain of the other 
two celts. 
An experienced observer can judge tolerably well concern- 
ing many metals, and metallic compositions, by inspecting frac- 
tured surfaces; but to judge accurately from these appearances, 
the metals to be compared with one another should be in the 
same state of aggregation. 
I therefore melted the old implements, and cast them into 
the same ingot mould. In this state I could also judge better 
of their hardness, brittleness, strength, malleability, and other 
properties, but especially of their specific gravity. 
Each of these ingots was fractured by a pretty smart stroke 
with a hammer. The fractures of all the metals were, in this 
state, close, or fine grained ; and therefore denoted hardness. 
Their appearances were the following. 
1. The celt , No. 1. Less close grained than the rest, and 
pale brown. 
2. The celt , No. 2. Fine grained, and greyish brown. 
3. The celt , No. 3. Still finer grained ; bright greyish, and 
somewhat crystallized. 
4. The scabbard. So like the celt, No. 2. that it was not 
easy to perceive a difference between them in grain and co- 
lour. 
5. The spear-bead. Close grained as any of the ingots; but 
of a dull pale slate colour. 
6. The sauce-pan. Fine grained, but not so much so as the 
lituus ; and of a somewhat slate-coloured hue, or dark grey ; 
but less dull than the scabbard. 
