Dr. Pearson's Observations 
4 ° 6 
7. The lituus. Very close grained ; of a bright slate and sil- 
very hue, and partly crystal ; zed. 
(c) The trial with the drill, and with the hammer, showed 
the lituus to be the hardest of these old metals; almost as hard 
as bell metal : the next in hardness was the celt, No. 3 : the 
next in order was the pan : and next the celts, No. 1, and 
No. 2, and the spear-head, which were nearly alike in this 
property. 
They were all much harder than copper, or even than brass. 
(d) The ingots of the lituus, sauce-pan, spear-head, scabbard, 
and the celt, No. 3, all broke readily enough with a smart stroke 
with the hammer, and more readily than the ingots of the celts 
No. 1. and No. 2. Plates of the spear-head and pan possessed 
little malleability and ductility; being very liable to be crack- 
ed in beating them, as if they had been made of impure me- 
tal. The lituus was very flexible, malleable, and elastic; so 
were plates of the celts, No. 1, and No. 2, and of the scabbard ; 
but the celt. No. 3, although, apparently, made of the purest 
metal, possessed little malleability. They were all less mal- 
leable than brass. The celts, No. 1, and No. 2, possessed more 
strength and hardness conjointly than any metal in use, except 
iron and steel ; and of course are the fittest metal for chopping 
instruments of any known metal, except iron and steel. 
( e ) The metallic implements before us were all rendered 
harder, and specifically heavier, by hammering: and they were 
again rendered softer, and specifically lighter, by .annealing, 
that is, by ignition and gradually cooling. 
(/) These ancient metals were very sonorous, particularly 
the sauce-pan, the lituus, and the celt No. 3. 
