on some ancient metallic Arms and Utensils. 429 
4. The lituus ; nearly the same proportions of tin and cop- 
per as the celt, No. 3. 
5. The scabbard ; a little more than 10 per cent, of tin ; 
that is, about one of tin and nine parts of copper. 
6. The celt, No. 1 ;* a little more of tin than 9 per cent. ; 
that is, about one of tin and ten parts of copper. 
7. The celt, No. 2 ; the same proportions of tin and copper, 
as in the celt, No. 1. 
vi. The two last conclusions are confirmed by the exact 
correspondence, between the ancient metals and the allays of 
copper by tin, in external and obvious properties, § 2. and § 6 ; 
in specific gravities, § 3. and p. 422, 1. 21 ; and in chemical 
properties, § 5. and § 6. Allays of five to eighteen parts of 
copper with one part of tin can generally be distinguished 
from such allays with the addition of a very small propor- 
tion of the other metals ; by the colour of their polish, the 
colour and texture of their grain, their strength, their hard- 
ness, their malleability, and specific gravities ; without the 
aid of chemical analysis. It is worthy of remark, that these 
allays of copper with tin are evidently different, in their colour 
and grain, from such allays with the addition of even one-for- 
tieth of their weight of zinc, Exper. 13th ; and also from cop- 
per allayed by one-fortieth of its weight of zinc, Exper. 14th. 
The similarity of the properties of the ancient metals, and 
of the allays of six to twelve parts of copper with one of tin, 
is very evident. But with smaller proportions of tin we find 
the allays are softer, and the grain of their fractures more open 
# Mr. Cavallo made a few experiments on a very small quantity of this celt be- 
fore it came into my possession ; from which he conjectured that it consisted of one part 
of tin, and six parts of copper. 
