on some ancient metallic Arms and Utensils. 451 
the union of the oxygen of these substances. Upon this principle 
the sword, fig. 1. was preserved by its varnish ; but the other 
tools must have owed their preservation to their having been 
accidentally coated with earthy matter ; which perhaps con- 
tained principally clay. 
g. The destruction of the iron sword by oxygen within the 
copper scabbard ; and the preservation of the part of it not in 
contact with the copper, is a good example of the action of 
copper and water united in destroying iron, the copper re- 
maining entire, Sect. I. § 1. iv. This effect of copper upon the 
iron bolts and nails, in copper-bottomed ships, is a loss of tbs 
greatest magnitude. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
Tab. XI. fig. 1. Two pieces of the Lituus which had been broken. 
a. The ornament of chain-work round one end of the Lituus. 
Fig. 2. An ancient medal, on which the Lituus is represented. . 
Fig. 3. Two views of a Danish or Saxon steel Sword in its copper scabbard. 
Tab. XII. a. The Spear-head, of the same size as the original. 
b. A section of its blade, to show what proportion of it is hollow. 
Tab. XIII. a and b. Two views of the Sauce-pan. The diameter of the bowl five 
inches, and length of the handle five inches. 
Tab. XIV. fig. 1, 2, 3, the three Celts, No. i, 2, 3. 
Tab. XV. fig. 1. A steel Sword, the pommel and guard of which were tinned. 
a and b. The writing in mixed characters on the two sides of the Sword. 
Fig. 2. A steel axe. 
Fig. 3. Another sword of the same kind, as fig. 1. in Sir Joseph Banks’s col- 
lection. 
Fig. 4. A steel dagger. 
