88 ADDITIONS 
Quercus Phellos, Linne. 
The Willow Oak of the Eastern States of North America. The 
acorns available for food, like those of several other species, for 
instance, Q. glabra (Thumb.), of Japan. The comparative value 
of the very numerous cis- and trans-atlantic Oak, is but little as 
yet understood, either for avenue purposes or timber plantations, 
and should be tested with care in botanic gardens. Even 
recently oaks have been discovered on the mountains of New 
Guinea. 
Raphanus sativus, LinnA 
South Asia, up to 16,000 feet in the Himalayas, eastward to 
Japan. R. caudatus ( L .), the radish with long edible pods is 
regarded by Dr. Th. Anderson as a mere variety, and he thinks 
that all sprung from the ordinary R.Raphanistrum ( L .) of Europe. 
Rhamnus Grsecus, Reuter. 
Greece. From this shrub, and to a less extent from the allied 
R. prunifolius (Sibth.), are the green dye berries collected in 
Greece, according to Dr. Heldreich. These shrubs grow on 
stony mountains up to 2,500 feet. 
Rhus caustica, Hooker and Arnott. 
Chili, where it is called the Litre. A small or middle-sized tree, 
the very hardwood of which is used for wheel-teeth, axletrees, 
and select furniture. The plant seems neither caustic nor other- 
wise poisonous (Dr. Philippi). 
Royenia Pseudebenus, E. Meyer. 
South Africa. Only a small tree, but its wood jet black, hard 
and durable, thus in Capeland and Caffraria called ebony. 
R. pubescens (Willd.), according to Dr. Pappe, furnishes there a 
wood adapted for xylography ; this may give a clue to the adapt- 
ability of many other kinds of woods in the large order of 
Ebenacex as substitutes for the Turkish box- wood. 
Ruscus aculeatus, Linne. 
Middle and South Europe, North Africa, South-West Asia. This 
odd plant is the only shrubby species of the genus. It serves for 
forming garden hedges. The young shoots of this and others 
are edible. 
Rubia peregrina, LinnA 
Middle and South Europe, South-West Asia. This perennial 
species yields also Madder-root. Several other kinds deserve 
comparative test culture. 
